UNIT 4 GREECE

UNIT 4 GREECE

1. ATHENS

   • IN ATHENS YOU ARE A CITIZEN ONLY IF YOU WERE BORN THERE. THEY HAD A DEMOCRACY BUT ONLY 10% OF THE POPULATION COULD VOTE. THE SOCIETY WAS PROSPEROUS, OUTGOING, IT SPREAD ITS INFLUENCE, HUMBLE CITIZENS COULD VOTE BUT ONLY CITIZENS. NOT EVERYONE HAD FREEDOM. WOMEN COULDN'T VOTE AND WERE OWNED. THEY WER OPEN ABOUT THEIR TRADE AND TRAVEL. EDUCATION WAS VALUED AND TAUGHT TO READ AND WRITE. SLAVERY WAS A THING IN ATHENS. SOME OF THEM LIVED COMFORTABLY, BUT OTHERS LIVED TERRIBlY THAN ANY OTHER SLAVES DURING THE WAR.

2. INVASIONS

   • THEY INVADED TROY AND WERE VICTORIOUS, AND THEY INVADED MINOAN ISLANDS, BUT THEY WERE INVADED BY THE DORIANS AND THE ARCHAEANS, AND THEY NEVER RECOVERED FROM THIS.

3. ARCHAEN

   • 2000 BCE THE ARCHEANS A GROUP FROM THE NORTH INVADED GREECE. THE INTERMARRIED WITH THE LOCALS AND EXTENDED THEIR CONQUEST OVER GREECE. BY ABOUT 1400 BCE THEY CONTROLLED ALL OF THE AEGEAN SEA AND PROBABLY THE ISLANDS OF CRETE. THEY BUILT STRONG FORTRESSES ON THE MAINLAND EACH RULED BY A KING. THEY WERE WEALTHY FROM TRADE AND WAR, FILLED PALACES AND TOMBS WITH GOLD. OUTSIDE EACH CITY, FARMERS, MERCHANTS, AND ARTISANS LIVED AND PAID TRIBUTE TO THE KING. THEY BUILT ON MINOAN CIVILIZATION AND REPRODUCED THE SAME TYPE OF ART. THEY ALSO LEARNED WRITING FROM THE MINOANS.

4. GEOGRAPHY

   • GREECE IS A PENINSULA- IT IS SURROUNDED BY WATER ON THREE SIDES. THEY LIVE ON A ROCKY AND MOUNTAINOUS THE PENINSULA IS MADE UP OF SMALLER PENINSULA' IT IS A PLAINS AND IT IS GOOD FOR FARMING. THEY BUILT SHIPS AND THAT HELPS THEM FOR TRADING ACROSS THE SEAS.

5. GODS

   • HERE ARE THE MAIN GODS APHRODITE: GODDESS OF LOVE/BEAUTY .SYMBOLS: ROSES, SPARROWS, DOLPHINS, AND RAMS HESTIA: GODDESS OF THE HOME. EVERY FAMILY HAS A SHRINE TO HER DEMETER: GODDESS OF AGRICULTURE AND PLANTS SYMBOLS: SHEAF OF WHEAT OR BARLEY ZEUS: GOD OF LIGHTNING, STORMS, PLANETS. RULER OF THE GODS SYMBOLS: THUNDERBOLT, EAGLE, OAK TREE. HERA: PROTECTOR OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. QUEEN OF THE GODS. SYMBOLS: PEACOCK, POMEGRANATE ARES: GOD OF WAR AND VIOLENCE SYMBOLS: BURNING TORCH, DOGS, A SPEAR, AND VULTURES HADES: RULER OF UNDERWORLD, GOD OF WEALTH BROTHER OF ZEUS POSEIDON: RULER OF THE SEAS, GOD OF THE WATER/EARTHQUAKES SYMBOLS: HORSES, DOLPHIN, AND A TRIDENT HEPHESTUS: GOD OF THE FORGE/FIRE SYMBOLS: FIRE, BLACKSMITH HAMMER ATHENA: GODDESS OF WAR/WISDOM/ARTS/CRAFTS SYMBOLS: OWL, OLIVE BRANCH APOLLO: GOD OF LIGHT/TRUTH/HEALING/MUSIC/ARCHERY. SYMBOLS: CROW, DOLPHIN, LAUREL TREE, LYRE ARTEMIS: GODDESS OF THE HUNT AND MOON SYMBOLS: STAG, MOON, CYPRUS TREE. HERMES: GOD OF SLEEP/DREAMS, MESS

6. GOVERNMENT

   • GREECE HAD 3 MAIN FORMS OF GOVERNMENT WHICH WERE DEMOCRACY, OLIGARCHY, AND MONARCHY IT WAS THE BIRTHPLACE OF DEMOCRACY. IN GREECE THERE WERE CITY-STATES AND EACH CITY-STATE HAS ITS OWN GOVERNMENT. THEY HAD AN ASSEMBLY ABOUT 40 TIMES A YEAR. EVERY 8-10 DAYS. 6000 PEOPLE IN THE ASSEMBLY. ALL ISSUES WERE DISCUSSED. THEY DISCUSSED WAR/PEACE, TREATIES, RELIGION, TAXES, CONSTRUCTION, AND PRIVATE CONCERNS. THEY VOTED BY A SHOW OF HANDS. THEY MADE DECREES, A FAMOUS ORATOR WAS PERICLES. PEOPLE WERE PICKED BY A LOTTERY.

7. SPARTA

   • IN SPARTA SPARTANS AND A FEW SLAVES COULD BE FULL CITIZENS. THE GOVERNMENT WAS AN OLIGARCHY BECAUSE WAR WAS TOP PRIORITY AND ALL THE POWER WAS HELD BY 5 MEN. SPARTANS ENTIRE SOCIETY WAS GEARED TOWARDS TRAINING AND RAISING SOLDIERS, CONSERVATIVE, INWARD-LOOKING. THE INFANTS WERE EXAMINED AND IF THEY WERE NOT PHYSICALLY FIT THEY WERE LEFT TO DIE IN THE SIDE OF A MOUNTAIN. WOMEN HAD EQUAL RIGHTS TO MEN. FOREIGN TRAVEL AND TRADE WERE BANNED. EDUCATION WAS CHOSEN BY HUSBAND, OWN LAND, COMBAT, SURVIAL SPORTS. SLAVERY WAS A MAJOR ISSUE IN SPARTA, THEY WERE OWNED BY THE STATE , CONTROLLED BY TERROR. THEY WERE CALLED HELLOTS. BOYS WERE ENCOURAGED TO KILL THEM TO HONE WARRIOR SKILLS.

8. ARMY

   • ATHENS
     • THERE WER 3 MAIN-LAND ARMIES THEY ALL WORE ARMOR THEY HAD PHALANX FORMATION WHICH WAS THEIR MAIN FORMATION
   • SPARTA
     • SPARTA WAS DRIVEN BY WAR THE CHILDREN WERE TAUGHT HOW TO FIGHT FROM A YOUNG AGE THEY WERE KILLED IF THEY WERENT PHYSICALLY FIT.

9. ACHIEVEMENTS

   • STATUES POTTERY PAINTING ARCHITECTURE WRITING PHILOSOPHY SOCRATES PLATO ARISTOTLE
     • Doric Coulumns The Doric style is rather sturdy and its top (the capital), is plain. This style was used in mainland Greece and the colonies in southern Italy and Sicily. Ionic
       • Ionic Columns The Ionic style is thinner and more elegant. Its capital is decorated with a scroll-like design (a volute). This style was found in eastern Greece and the islands.
         • Corinthian Column The Corinthian style is seldom used in the Greek world but often seen on Roman temples. Its capital is very elaborate and decorated with acanthus leaves.

10. ART

    • STATUES- THEY ARE ADMIRED FRO THEIR REALISM AND DETAIL POTTERY- USED FOR EVERYDAY PAINTINGS- ADMIRED ALL OVER THE WORLD FOR THE REAL EVENTS THEY SHOW ARCHITECTURE- TOOK GREAT CARE IN THE DESIGN WRITING- MANY FAMOUS POETS, WROTE FABLES, CREATED NEW WRITING FORMS FOR DRAMA AND HISTORY.

11. RECREATION

    • HUNTING WAS RESERVED FOR NOBILITY FISHING WAS MORE OF A JOB AQUATIC SPORTS AEROBATICS HOOPS YO-YO TOPS KNUCKLEBONES DICE ECT.

12. SOCIAL STRUCTURE

    • Athens – The Upper Class Metics – The Middle Class Freedmen – The Lower Class The Slaves

13. THE TROJAN WAR

    • TROY WAS ACROSS THE AEGEAN SE FROM GREECE. THEY CONTROLLED TRADE ROUTES BETWEEN THE AEGEAN AND THE BLACK SEAS. HISTORIANS FIRST LEARNED ABOUT THE TROJAN WAR FROM TWO OF THE BEST KNOWN EPICS POETS IN THE WORLD. THE ILLIAD AND THE ODYSSEY. POEMS PROBABLy COMPOSED BY HOMER. HOMER WAS A BLIND, GREEK POET, ABOUT 750 BCE- LONG AFTER THE FAL OF TROY. THE OCCURRED BECAUSE PARIS, A TROJAN PRINCE STOLE THE WIFE OF THE SPARTANS KING. HER NAME WAS HELENA.
      • THE KING OF SPARTA AND HIS BROTHER AGAMEMNON CONVINCED RULERS FROM THE REST OF GREECE TO JOIN THEM AND FIGHT AGAINST TROY. THE GREEKS EVENTUALLY BREECHED THE WALS AND WERE VICTORIOUS AFTER 10 YEARS OF FIGHTING. DARK AGES SHORTLY AFTER THE FALL OF TROY, THE DORIANS INVADED GREECE. THEY HAD AN ADVANTAGE- IRON WEAPONS. THEY PLUNDERED THE RICH CITIES OF GREECE, THE DORIAN GREEKS WOULD HAVE A GREAT LEADER(LEONIDAS). THE ARCHAEANS NEVER RECOVERED FROM THIS.

14. POLITICAL SYSTEMS

    • MONARCHY; IT IS RULED BY A KING OR QUEEN. THE TERM COMES FROM MONO=1 AND ARCHON= RULE. IT WAS EXISTENT IN 411 BCE. IT IS PASSED THROUGH THE GENERATIONS
      • OLIGARCHY: AN ARISTOCRAT RULES THIS POLITICAL SYSTEM IT ORIGINATED IN GREECE IT HAS BEEN IN PLACE SINCE 411 BCE THEY HOLD POWER THROUGH WEALTH THERE ISNT VERY MUCH KNOWN ABOUT THIS SYSTEM
        • TYRANNY: A TYRANT RULES THE TERM COMES FROM LYNDON IT HAS BEEN IN PLACE SINCE 405 BCE THEY TAKE POWER THROUGH FORCE PEOPLE BECAME GREEDY AND GOT OVERTHROWN THERE WERE LOTS OF TYRANTS
          • DEMOCRACY: THE CITIZENS RULE IT CAME FROM DEMOS=PEOPLE AND KRATOMS=RULE IT HAS BEEN IN PLACE SINCE THE 5TH CENTURY THIS SYSTEM WORKED BECAUSE THE PEOPLE RULED PEOPLE IN SPARTA WENT BACK TO OLIGARCHY, THAT IS WHY IT FAILED IT WAS THE FIRST DEMOCRATIC ERA

15. ODESSEY

    • THE ODESSEY WAS A POEM WRITTEN BY HOMER ABOUT THE TROJAN WAR. IT WAS AN EPIC. THIS IS THE LATER WORK OF HOMER. ITIS DIRECTLY BASED ON THE EVENTS FROM THE ILLIAD. THE ODESSEY IS THE STORY OF HOW ODYSSEUS RETURNED HOME AND HIS LONG JOURNEY TO GET THERE.

16. OLYMPIC GAMES

    • THE OLYMPICS WERE HELD IN ORDER TO HONOUR THE GOD ZEUS. DURING THE OLYMPICS THEY COMPEATED TO SEE WHO WAS BEST. MALES WHO WERE THE BEST AT THEIR CHOSEN SKILL WERE THE ONLY ONE WHO COULD COMPETE. WHEN THE COMPETETORS TRAINED IT WAS HARSH AND INTENSE. THE ORIGINAL EVENTS WERE PENTATHALON, DISCUS, JAVELIN, RUNNING, AND JUMPING
    • THE OLYMPICS NOWADAYS ARE QUITE SIMILAR BUT THEY MOVE LOCATION EVERY 4 YEARS. WE NOW HAVE WINTER AND SUMMER GAMES. WE HAVE MANY MORE EVENTS TO PARTICIPATE IN , IN THE MODERN DAY GAMES.

17. ILLIAD

    • THE ILLIAD WAS A POEM WRITTEN BY HOMER ABOUT THE TROJAN WAR THIS POEM WAS AN EPIC THE ILLIAD STARTS 9 YEARS AFTER THE TROJAN WAR STARTED FORESHADOWING WAS PROMINENT IN THE ILLIAD THE ILLIAD WAS THE EARLIER WORK THE ILLIAD IS A DETAILED STORY/ACCOUNT OF THE FALL OF TROY

18. TIMELINE

    • 776 BCE- DISCUS THROW PAINTED ON POTTERY CROWN OF OLIVE BRANCHES CROWN OF OLIVE GAMES HELD EVERY 4 YEARS IN OLYMPIA.WRESTLING, JUMPING, JAVELIN, AND CHARIOT RACES. 650 BCE- CHEST OF KYPSELOS STATUE OF PETICDER KYPSELOS WAS A TYRANT OR ABSOLUTE RULER WHO GOVERNS WITHOUT RESTRICTIONS DEATH- SON OF PERIANDER TOOK OVER ROLE OF TYRANT 508 BCE- RULED BY THE PEOPLE MALE CITIZENS WERE GIVEN RIGHT TO VOTE ANCIENT GREEK GREATEST IDEAS. 500 BCE- INTEREST IN ART, IMAGINATION, & BUILDINGS, ESPECIALLY IN ATHENS, CONTINUED UNTIL 323 BCE 490 BCE- THE BATTLE OF MARATHON PERSIAN EMPIRE WAS LED BY POWERFUL KIND DARIUS & CONTROLLED MIDDLE EAST. GREEK VICTORIOUS. 472 BCE- GREEKS FOUND ENTERTAINMENT BY VISITING THEATERS TO SEE MAGIC, JUGGLERS, OR PLAYS. 432 BCE- HUGE TEMPLE WAS BUILT TO HOUSE A STATUE OF GODDESS TO LOOK OVER THE CITIES. 338 BCE- AFTER DEATH, ALEXANDER TOOK THRONE CONQUERED PERSIAN EMPIRE, EGYPT 146 BCE- ROMANS CREATED A GREAT EMPIRE & ABSORBED MANY ASPECTS OF GREEK & HELLENISTIC

19. RELIGON

    • THEY WERE POLYTHEISTIC.
      • THEY DIDN'T ACTUALLY HAVE A RELIGION

20. MINOAN

    • THE MINOAN CIVILIZATION FOUND MANY FRESCOES DECORATING THE PALACE THAT SHOW MANY ASPECTS OF MINOAN LIFE. SOME SHOW ATHLETIC YOUNG PPL COMPETING IN AEROBATIC COMPETITIONS, SOME SHOW WOMEN PAYING BORED GAMES, AND SOME SHOW FABULOUSLY DRESSED WOMEN STROLLING THE GARDENS. OTHERS SHOW RELIGOUS AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS. MINOAN CIVILIZATION BECAME WEAK AND WAS TAKEN OVER BY GREEKS FROM THE MAINLAND. THE CULTURE REMAINED BURIED & FORGOTTEN FOR A LONG TIME BUT CRETE DIRECTLY INFLUENCE THE PEOPLE OF GREECE
      • THEY HAD A VOLCANO ON CRETE WHICH BELONGED TO THEM. THE HAD THE STORY /LEGEND OF THE MINOTAUR. SHIPBUILDING WAS THE MAIN PART OF THEIR CULTURE. THEY WERE ALSO GOOD TRADERS. NOT THE 1ST GREEKS= NO GREEK LANGUAGE

21. MYCEANIANS

    • THEY LIVE ON THE MAINLAND IN MYCENA, THEY EVENTUALLY TOOK OVER CREEK. THEY WERE NOT A PEACEFUL PEOPLE. THE WAR VS. TROY= TROJAN HORSE. IN 1200 BCE, THEY LOST POWER.

22. EDUCATION

    • IN SPARTA THE BOYS GET TAUGHT HOW TO FIGHT AND GO TO REAL SCHOOL AS WELL A FEW GIRLS WENT TO SCHOOL, BUT MOST WERE TAUGHT BY THEIR MOTHERS AT HOME. IN ATHENS THE BOYS GO TO SCHOOL AND THE GILS DONT.
    • THE EDUCATION IN SPARTA WAS TO CREATE POWERFUL ARMIES/SOLDIERS IN OTHER CITY-STATES THE PURPOSE WAS TO CREATE GOOD CITIZENS.

23. HOUSING

    • HOUSES IN ANCIENT GREECE WERE COMMONLY BUILT AROUND A OPEN AIR COURTYARD. THEY WERE BUILT OUT OF CLAY BIRCKS, STONE, WOOD. THYE WERE STURDY AND COMFORTABLE. THE LARGER HOUSES WOULD HAVE SEVERAL BEDROOMS, A KITCHEN, A BATHING ROOM, A WOMENS SITTING ROOM, A MENS DINING ROOM, AND SOME FOR STORAGE.

24. LANGUAGE

    • THEY SPOKE GREEK. THEY SPOKE ANCIENT GREEK IN THE ANCIENT TIMES

25. WRITING

    • THEY WROTE IN ANCIENT GREEK AND THEY ALSO ADOPTED THE PHOENIC ALPHABET.

Images and files in the map