First Aid

First Aid

1. EMS System

   • Check, Call, Care
   • Checking an unconscious victim
   • Checking a conscious victim

2. Drags and Carries

   • Clothes Drag
     • Used if you suspect a head/neck/spine injury
   • Ankle Drag
     • Used when the victim is too heavy for you to move using another drag.
   • Two-Person Seat Carry
     • Conscious people with leg injuries
   • Pack-strap Carry
     • Conscious and unconscious people
       • neck and back injuries
   • Walking Assist
     • Person can't walk on their own
       • Minor injury on one leg
   • Blanket drag
     • Used if you suspect a head/neck/spine injury

3. Sudden Illnesses

   • Allergic reactions
     • Swelling, redness, trouble breathing
       • 1. Call 911 2. Assist victim administer epinephrine
   • Heat related
     • 1. Heat Cramps 2. Heat Exhaustion 3. Heat Stroke
     • 1. Rest & Provide fluids and electrolytes (HC) 2. Move victim to cool area. Remove wet clothes. Fluids. Rest (HE) 3. Call 911. Rapidly cool body. Care for life threatening conditions (HS)
   • Cold related
     • 1. Frostbite 2. Hypothermia
       • Frostbite- The freezing of body parts exposed to the cold. Can result of loss of extremities
       • Hypothermia- When the entire body cools because of its inability to keep warm. Death will occur if not treated promptly
     • Shivering, numbness, cold to touch
       • 1. Skin-to-skin contact. Soak in warm water (F) 2. Call 911. Warm victims body. Monitor for life threatening conditions (H)
   • Seizures
     • 1) Do not try to stop the seizure 2) Make sure the environment is safe 3) After the seizure has stopped, check for breathing 4) Reassure the victim
     • When the normal functions of the brain are disrupted
   • Diabetic emergencies
     • 1) Assist a conscious victim in consuming a form of sugar 2) Assist victim with administering medication 3) Call 911 if victim is unconscious/unable to consume sugar
   • Stroke
     • When blood flow to a part of the brain is cut off OR when there is bleeding in the brain
     • FAST: Face, Arm, Speech, Time
       • 1. Call 911 2. Care for life threatening conditions
   • Shock
     • When the circulatory system fails to deliver oxygen-rich blood to the tissues and organs
     • 1. Call 911 2. Have victim lay down 3. Control any external bleeding
   • Concussion
     • Type of brain injury
       • 1. Call 911 2. Support the head and neck

4. Splints

   • Sling and Binder
     • Broken arm
       • Use fabric to create a sling and bind the arm to your body
   • Rigid splint
     • Stabilize hand, wrist, arm
       • Place cardboard underneath arm and bind together using fabric
   • Anatomic splint
     • Injured legs
       • Use fabric to bind legs together