DIFFERENTIAL ACHIEVEMENT

DIFFERENTIAL ACHIEVEMENT

1. CLASS

   • WC underachieve compared to MC
     • Jeffries studied 11000 children born in 1958 all the way through education
       • Found those who experienced childhood poverty fell behind
         • Pattern consistent throughout all stages of education
     • AO2: Not all WC children fail
   • WHY DO MC OUTPERFORM WC?
     • INSCHOOL
       • Labelling + Self-fulfilling prophecy
         • Rosenthal + Jacobson
         • Hargreaves, Hestor + Mellor
           • Speculation - teacher feels they know student
           • Elaboration - view of child is tested
           • Stabilisation - teacher makes guesses about students
           • AO2: Becker interviewed 60 teachers and found out ideal student was more like MC student
           • AO2: Fuller not everyone accepts their labell
       • Setting and Streaming
         • Ball
         • Students placed in bands based in ability
       • Subcultures
         • Group of students who share similar values, they often emerge through how they are labelled
           • Pro + Anti school subcultures
         • Willis
       • Policies
         • Marketisation
     • OUT OF SCHOOL
       • MATERIAL FACTORS
         • Housing
           • Inadequate space
           • Poor conditions
             • Illness
               • Days of school = learning missed
         • Diet + Health
           • Howard
           • Poor diet weakens immune system
         • Finances
           • Jesson + Gray
             • Correlation between free school meals and low GCSE grades
           • Less money = less learning sources available
             • AO2:Free resources available at libraries or schools
         • AO2: Ignores in school factors
       • CULTURAL FACTORS
         • Parental Interest
           • • Conducted longitudinal study
           • WC parents = lack of interest
             • Douglas
             • AO2: Based on attendance at parents evening. Could be number of reasons why parents didn't attend
         • Attitudes and Values
           • Sugarman
           • WC and MC subcultures linked to achievement
             • AO2: Conclusions drawn from questionnaires
         • Language
           • Bernstein
             • Conducted study using two 5 year olds
               • AO2: Sample is too small
           • elaborated (MC) and restricted code (WC)
         • AO2: WC culturally different not culturally deprived