Chemistry 2

Chemistry 2

1. Monatomic elements

   • 1 type of atom
   • 1 atom separately
   • Group 18 naturally monatomic

2. Molecules / Diatomic

   • 2+ atoms bonded together
   • Molecules of two atoms called diatomic molecules
   • Group 17 naturally diatomic
   • Most non-metals

3. Periodic Table

   • Represented by symbols
   • Vertical columns= groups / families
   • Horizontal Rows= Periods
   • Horizontally increases atomic number
   • Group 1
     • Alkali Metals
     • Form a base when reacts with H2O
   • Group 2
     • Earth Alkali Metals
     • Form a base when react with H20 but don't dissolve more
   • Group 17
     • Halogens
     • Salt forming
   • Group 18
     • Noble gases
     • Inert Gases
     • Don't take part in chemical reactions
   • Group A= Representative elements
   • Group B= Transition elements

4. Metals

   • Malleable
   • Ductile
   • Conduct heat & electricity
   • Lustre
   • Dense
   • High melting point
   • Rusts/corrodes with oxygen and H2O
   • Left side of table
   • 2/3 of elements

5. Metalliods

   • shiny/dull
   • Malleable & Ductile
   • Near steps/ boundaries
   • Conductors- not as well as metals
   • Germanium, Silicon, boron, sand

6. Non-Metals

   • Dull
   • Don't conduct heat/electricity
   • Can be in any state of matter
   • Brittle, break easily
   • Low density
   • Low melting point
   • Don't form crystals
   • Right side of table

7. Atomic structure

   • Sub-atomic particles
   • Proton & Neutron in nucleus
   • electrons in valance shell/ electron cloud
   • Mass of atom= nucleus
   • Volume of atom= cloud/shell
   • Electron
     • e-
     • negative charge
     • orbit nucleus because attracted to protons
     • In uncharged, neutral atom, electrons=protons
   • Proton
     • p+
     • In nucleus
     • positive charge
     • mass of an atom
     • atomic number
   • Neutron
     • n0
     • In nucleus
     • Mass of atom

8. Identifying elements

   • Atomic #= # of protons identity if neutral
   • Mass #= # protons & neutrons mass of atom
   • Atomic number
   • Mass number

9. Heterogenous mixture

   • Not chemically combined
   • Easily separated physically
   • Retains original properties

10. Homogenous solution

    • 1 substance dissolved in another
    • Best mixed
    • Solute in Solvent

11. Compound

    • more than 1 type of atom chemically combined
    • fixed, definite ration
    • same throughout
    • can be easily chemically broken down

12. Colloids

    • Mixed together, not dissolved
    • Permanently suspended
    • Will not separate upon standing
    • particles constantly colliding= murky/ cloudy

13. Alloys

    • Metals dissolved in metals
    • stainless steel= iron & chromium
    • brass= copper & zinc

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