Migration

Migration

1. The process of a person moving from one location to another with the intent to settle there.

2. Emigrant= leaving a country

   • Immigrant= into a country

3. The most important factor is the INDIVIDUAL'S PERCEPTION of the destination

4. FROM

   • High population pressure
   • Economic hardship
   • poor quality of life
   • Forced out- ethnic cleansing
   • Famine
   • TO
     • Resources available to meet population needs
     • Higher standard of living
     • Accepts refugees and assylum seekers
     • City life- bright lights syndrome

5. Migration can be split into 2 categories

   • FORCED
   • VOLUNTARY

6. RAVENSTEIN (1876)

   • Based on British Census Data showing place of birth, for 1871 to 1881
   • 1) majority of migrants go only a short distance
   • 2) Migration proceeds step by step
   • 3) Migrants going long distances travel to major cities
   • 4) Rural people are more inclined to migrate than urban people
   • 5) Females are more likely to migrate within their place of birth
   • 6) Most migrants are adults
   • 7) Large towns grow more by migration than by natural increase
   • 8) Volume grows as industrialisation progresses
   • 9) Major flow of migration is from agricultural to industrial towns
   • 10) The major cause of migration is economic

7. GRAVITY MODEL

   • Based on Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation
   • "The gravitational force between 2 objects is directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
   • No. moving from A to B= pop of A X pop of B DIVIDED BY distance

8. ZELINKSY (1971)

   • Links to DTM
   • Early transitional society there is a dramatic change marked by movement from country side to cities e.g UK in 1870

9. BEHAVIOURAL MODELS

   • CLARKE'S
     • Examines internal forces and external forces and the stress that is placed on the utility of the location
   • LEE'S
     • Both places of origin and destination contain push and pull factors
     • Also considers the intervening obstacles between both destinations

10. IMPACTS

    • Poland to UK
      • 800,000 people have come to work in the UK
      • 1 in !0 people in Peterborough are immigrants
      • Most from A8, since 2004 Sweden, Ireland and Britain have been accesible
      • Causing the WHITE FLIGHT
      • Poles are now the third-largest minority ethnic group in the UK, after Pakistanis and Indians
      • In Poland, unemployment rate averaged 18.2% in 2005
      • 447,000 people from Eastern Europe have applied for work in the UK
      • Mostly skilled and unskilled industrial workers
    • THEY CAN BE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE

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