Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity

1. Data is raw facts and figures. Information is created when that data has been processed and becomes meaningful

   • Human error arguably creates the largest risk of the data being compromised.

2. :​Malware is software that is designed to gain access to your computer with malicious intent

   • Malicious intent includes:
     • Disabling hardware
     • Data theft
     • Forced advertising
     • Sending email spam
     • Exporting money
   • A computer virus is a type of computer program that, when executed, replicates itself by modifying other computer programs and inserting its own code. When this replication succeeds, the affected areas are then said to be "infected" with a computer virus.
     • Install Anti-Virus/Malware Software, Keep Your Anti-Virus Software Up to Date, Run Regularly Scheduled Scans with Your Anti-Virus Software, Keep Your Operating System Current, Secure Your Network, Think Before You Click are ways to prevent viruses.
   • A computer worm is a standalone malware computer program that replicates itself in order to spread to other computers. It often uses a computer network to spread itself, relying on security failures on the target computer to access it. It will use this machine as a host to scan and infect other computers.
     • Use a firewall and regularly scan your computer and use auto-updates.
   • A Trojan horse or Trojan is a type of malware that is often disguised as legitimate software. Trojans can be employed by cyber-thieves and hackers trying to gain access to users' systems. Users are typically tricked by some form of social engineering into loading and executing Trojans on their systems.
     • Always keep your software up to date. This goes doubly true for important programs like your operating system and browser. Hackers exploit known security holes in these types of programs that can help the Trojan do its work, and even if the vendor patches the holes, it won't do you any good unless you maintain the latest version of your software. To keep your Internet connection as secure as possible, always keep a firewall up. Both software and hardware firewalls are excellent at controlling malicious Internet traffic, and can often stop Trojans from downloading to your computer in the first place.
       • A phishing attack is an attack in which the victim receives an email forcing them to give in personal information. If a victim gives in the information, they are hooked.
   • software that automatically displays or downloads advertising material such as banners or pop-ups when a user is online.
     • Use an ad blocker to prevent this. In many cases, a free service can be used without viewing ads.
   • Spyware describes software with malicious behavior that aims to gather information about a person or organization and send such information to another entity in a way that harms the user; for example by violating their privacy or endangering their device's security.
     • to prevent Don't Click on Popups and use a secure browser
   • Firewalls scan everything to see if there are any malicious intent.
     • An anti malware is a software that protects the computer from malware such as spyware, adware, and worms. It scans the system for all types of malicious software that manage to reach the computer. An anti malware program is one of the best tools to keep the computer and personal information protected.
       • Automatic updates allow users to keep their software programs updated without having to check for and install available updates manually. ... Other software programs allow automatic updates to be enabled by users, if not enabled by default upon installation.

3. User authentication is a process that allows a device to verify the identify of someone who connects to a network resource. There are many technologies currently available to a network administrator to authenticate users.

4. Penetration testers, colloquially known as a pen test, pentest or ethical hacking, is an authorized simulated cyberattack on a computer system, performed to evaluate the security of the system.

5. A virus is a piece of code which is capable of copying itself and typically has a detrimental effect, such as corrupting the system or destroying data.

6. Shouldering is an attack designed to steal a victim's password or other sensitive data. Often used to find out someone's pin in a cash machine/ATM.

7. The use of deception to manipulate individuals into divulging confidential or personal information that may be used for fraudulent purposes.

8. These are attacks in which the victim is asked in an app or a social media post to combine a few pieces of information or complete a short quiz to produce a name.

9. Hacking is when you gain unauthorised access to or control of a computer system

   • Why do people want to hack?
     • To steal data
     • To disrupt services
     • For financial gain
     • For political reasons (esponiage and activism)
     • For fun (planting the flag)
     • For ethical reasons

10. Blagging is when the action of obtaining private or confidential information by impersonation or another method of deception.

    • Blagging happens in both emails and bank calls.

11. In computing, a denial-of-service attack is a cyber-attack in which the perpetrator seeks to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users by temporarily or indefinitely disrupting services of a host connected to the Internet.

    • Basically bombarding the system