Computing

Computing

1. Software

   • App
   • Utility
     • Disk Defrag
     • System restore

2. Computer Systems

   • What is a Computer system?
     • A computer is an electronic, programmable data processing machine.  A system is a collection of parts that work together for some defined purpose. A computer system is a collection of hardware and software that works together to achieve some data processing task. Systems receive inputs from the outside. They process these inputs. They output the results of the processing.
     • Inputs
     • Outputs
     • processes
     • cheap, small, versatile
     • Types of systems
       • General-Purpose Systems
         • Personal computers such as desktops, laptops, notebooks and tablet computers as well as smart phones, are designed to preform multiple tasks. Various applications (apps) can be reloaded so that they can be used for a wide variety of purposes.
       • Dedicated Systems
         • Dedicated systems are specially produced to preform a single function or set of functions. For example, a ticket-vending machine at a train station is not likely to be used for any other purpose.
       • Control Systems
         • Control systems are computer systems that control machinary, rather than produce output for humans to read or respond to. They are particulary important in manufacturing processes but are increasingly part of common domestic and personal gadgets
       • Embedded Systems
         • Embedded systems are computers that are part of a larger system. They are usually also control systems. They include portable devices: digital watches satnavs cameras MP3 Players They also include larger installations, such as: traffic lights controllers of machinery in factories.
       • Expert Systems
     • Reliability
     • Standards
       • One way to help make systems more reliable is to adhere to certain standards, it is more likely to be successful and satisfy its user. Standards also help to make sure that different computer systems can talk to eachother.
     • Ethical and legal issues
     • Enviromental issues

3. Representation of Data

4. Hardware

   • The centeral processing unit (CPU)
     • Fetch
     • Decode
     • Execute
     • CPU
       • If data not in cache: request from main memory
       • Cache
         • It requested by CPU for data Data is sent to CPU from the main memory copy
         • Main Memory

5. Networks and Communications

6. Programming

7. Databases