STATISTICS

STATISTICS

1. Statistics is the science in charge of the study of variability, collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data.

2. A statistical research project or plan should consider the following aspects

   • The research object
     • a) Define the object or purpose of the investigation
     • b) Determine its qualitative and quantitative nature
     • c) Determine the possibility of your investigation
     • d) Limit the researchable object:
       • I. Limit the very object of the investigation
       • II. Limiting the field of research
     • Purpose
     • The source of information
       • I. Direct: the data is collected directly when we go to it, we observe it and we note its presence or absence and its intensity by means of a number. (Martínez, C. 2012. p. 15)
       • II. Indirect: we investigate indirectly when a fact other than the one we are interested in is used to later deduce from it the value that we ultimately want to know. (Martínez, C. 2012. p. 15)
   • The procedures
     • How will we investigate? Who should do the research and by what system?
       • I. Clarity and publicity.
       • II. Simplicity
       • III. Utility
   • Research Classification
     • Occasional: It is a collection of data in extraordinary circumstances when a problem eventually arises or a solution is agitated. (Martínez, C. 2012. p. 17)
     • Periodic: it is that investigation that is repeated from time to time in regular periods. (Martínez, C. 2012. p. 18)
     • Continuous: it is the automatic investigation, that is, the one that occurs without interruption. Example: birth, death and marriage. (Martínez, C. 2012. p. 15)
   • The material
     • It is made up of all the tools, documents or instruments necessary to carry out the investigation, general material for the investigation and general material for the investigation in question. (Martínez, C. 2012. p. 23)
       • I. Printed material: refers to forms or questionnaires, bulletins, registration sheets, records, instructions, etc.
       • II. The forms can be collective or individual
   • The cost and its financing
     • Research budget: the budget includes the calculation of the cost and if financing, the cost items in general are usually the following:
       • Organization
         • I. Preliminary studies
         • II. geographic jobs
         • III. materials and equipment
         • IV. propaganda plan
         • V. Staff training
         • VI. Consulting
         • VII. Formulation of the plan
         • VIII. Form printing
         • IX. Recruitment of auxiliary services
   • Field work (collection)
     • The collection stage comprises several aspects
       • I. Distribution of the collection material or instrument.
       • II. The collection itself.
       • III. Control of the number of forms collected.
       • IV. Control over the quality of the information collected
   • Publication
     • It corresponds to the final phase of the investigation and with it it is proposed to make the total result of the study reach the interested people. (Martínez, C. (2012. p. 32)
       • In general terms it can be said that a report should contain:
         • I. Statement of the problem
         • II. Research objective
         • III. Hypotheses you want to test
         • IV. Brief exposition of the adopted methodology, design and size of the sample. Selection process for information and collection units. (Martínez, C.2012. pág. 33)
         • V. A copy of the form used in the collection could be included in the report, even relating and justifying the questions that are considered most important within the investigation. (Martínez, C.2012. pág. 33)
         • VI. Description of the results in the form of tables and graphs, accompanied by the analysis and comparisons obtained through the data. (Martínez, C.2012. pág. 33)
         • VII. Conclusions and recommendations. The latter when required by the investigation (Martínez, C.2012. pág. 33)