Logistics

Logistics

1. Inbound logistics.

   • Inbound logistics frames the activities necessary to fulfill by supplying your products, making them available for your transformation or sale
     • inventory management activities, Planning and purchasing, stock policies, turnover levels and the correct one Planning your supply needs for finished Products.

2. Inventory management

   • Is a determining point in the strategic management of any organization
     • the rotation points, the classification forms and the re-inventory models, are determined by the control methods
   • Objetive
     • Minimize "possible" stock levels. Ensure the availability of stocks (finished product, product in progress, raw material, input, etc.) at the right time.

3. Cost to order

   • For commercial activity
     • It consists of the process of issuing an order (telephone calls, preparation of forms, administrative expenses of paperwork)
   • For the productive activity (manufacturing or assembly
     • It consists of the costs associated with the processes of enlistment of production runs, in addition to the logistic process of transmission of orders "internal customer concept".

4. Inventory holding or holding cost

   • The costs associated with maintaining an inventory (managed by the organization) are predominantly determined by the permanence of the average of the logistics units in a specific place for this, as a function of time, given that each unit represents a cost of handling the reception, storage, inspection and dispatch processes.

5. Stock break cost

   • The stock break cost works as a "Shadow Price" in relation to each unit in inventory that enables the double-entry process in the search for a balance between inventory operating costs
     • - Loss of sales revenue - Expenses generated by breach of contracts - Reorder and replacement

6. Types of inventories

   • Commodity Inventories Supplies and Materials Inventories (Second order raw materials) ,Inventories of Products in process Inventories of finished products.Packaging Product Inventories

7. Classification according to its location with respect to the company's facilities

   • Inventory in transit
     • Those units belonging to the company, and that are not located in its physical facilities destined as its punctual location
       • EX:Merchandise en route, in reception control (and its punctual location is another), in internal transport, in package, etc.
   • Plant inventory
     • They are all the units in the custody of the company and that are located in its specific physical facilities
       • example: Raw materials warehouse, intermediate warehouse, packaging warehouse, tool warehouse, maintenance warehouse, etc.

8. Classification according to its function

   • Operating Inventory
     • It is the set of units that arise from the resupply of units that are sold or used in production.
   • Security Inventory
     • It is that inventory that is available to respond to possible fluctuations in demand and / or delays that may occur in the processes of replenishment by suppliers.

9. STEPS TO CARRY OUT AN INVENTORY

   • 1)Identify the goods to be inventoried,2)Determine the places to inventory. 3)Assemble a work team 4). Tour, count and registration

10. Stock policy in the logistics management of a production chain

    • Service level
      • It is the ability to offer the products demanded at the time of the customer's purchase. If you want to guarantee a level of service of 90% .

11. Sales forecast

    • decide the optimal amount of product to store. That is why a detailed study of the demand for each product must be carried out, that is, the articles are identified or classified by their level of demand to pay greater attention (time, control and investment) to those articles whose stock breakage would cause problems to the company
      • The study of the sales of previous periods, The oscillation on the sales history. Study the general situation of the market since, the economic activity follows some ascending and descending cycles that influence consumption, Know the evolution of the competition.

12. Cost management

    • company needs to store certain quantities of materials and products, but it also has to be aware of the cost that such stock generates. These costs that arise are of four types:
      • Acquisition cost Storage cost Provisioning cost Breakage cost

13. Supplier delivery time

    • it is the time that elapses from the issuance of an order to the receipt of the merchandise and they are incorporated into the company's production process.

14. ANALYZING THESE CONCEPTS WE CAN DEFINE:

    • Economic or administrative stock as the set of products, merchandise or materials that are the property of the company and can be at fixed points (warehouses), in transit or on the way from the supplier, in the process of preparing other training, on display for the sale, or intended for own consumption.
    • Physical stock are products that, in addition to being the property of the company, are stored and the entire logistics process is necessary for them.

15. Provisionanig

    • The planning and management of purchases • Storage of the products necessary for normal operation • The application of techniques that allow maintaining minimum or safety stocks for each material

16. THE PLANNING OF THE PROVISIONING IS MADE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE FUNCTIONS OF THE STOCK

    • Allow to regulate the rhythms of production and sales. 2. Obtain favorable purchase prices when large quantities are purchased. 3. Allow through stock control, variations in demand and possible delays in supplier delivery.

17. OBJECTIVES THAT THE COMPANY PURSUES WITH A GOOD PLANNING OF THE PROVISIONING

    • Establish a sufficient inventory 2. Minimize investment in stocks 3. Establish an efficient information system between the sections involved and provide the accounting department with reports on inventories and inventory value. 4. Intimate communication with the purchasing department

18. TYPES OF STOCK

    • 1. Active stock 2. Safety stock 3. Optimal stock 4. Zero Stock 5. Seasonal stock 6. Speculation stocks 7. Stocks in transit 8. Recovery stock 9. Dead stock

19. Stock management

    • good stock management, the company will be able to dispose of the necessary products in the necessary quantities and when they are useful to them.
      • STOCK MANAGEMENT SHOULD BE DIRECTED TO ACHIEVE:
        • 1, . Establish a sufficient inventory 2. Minimize investment in stocks, to minimize storage costs for loss or damage to the product. 3. Know the optimal order volume. 4. Know when to choose to order or not, based on establishing a balance between a minimum level of stock and the needs of the company.
          • VARIABLES ARE: 1. The level of service offered. 2. Sales forecast. 3. Management costs. 4. The delivery time of supplier

20. Stock size level

    • The level of stock must take into account in a decisive way two factors, the balance with the rhythm of production and sales of each product.
      • TO AVOID THESE SITUATIONS OF HIGH OR UNSUFFICIENT STOCK
        • The stored products must be equivalent to two sales periods or production periods. 2. Be able to deliver the merchandise within established delivery times. 3. That the levels of stored stock are capable of satisfying demand and, at the same time, have room for maneuver in the face of possible variations, both in terms of delivery and in volumes demanded

21. total stock

    • Active stock 2. Exposure stock 3. Safety stock

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