programming

programming

1. Algorithms

   • Solving Problems 1 Step At a Time
   • Processors Can Onl;y Process 1 Instruction At a Time
   • Mainly Expressed As a Flow Chart
     • Make Sure You Know The Symbols

2. Pseudocode

   • Used For Planning Algorithms
   • Keywords written in capital letters (e.g INPUT ,IF, WHILE )
   • Should allow a programmer to write it in any language

3. Testing

   • Logical error
     • Human error with the construction of the algorithm
   • Run-time error
     • An error in the program e.g stuck in a loop
   • Syntax error
     • Not a correct command for the coding language being use

4. Control Flow

   • iteration
     • Loops
       • WHILE or FOR
   • Selection
     • IF THEN ELSE
   • Sequencing
     • The order though an algorithm

5. High level / low level programming

   • Low level is understood by the processor
     • Machine code
       • binary codes for each instruction and register location
     • Assembly language
       • Written as each instruction would be processed
         • E.g INP, LDA,OUT
       • Code specific to a type of processor
   • High level has to be translated
     • E.g python BASIC Javascript
     • uses language that is easier to understand by humans
     • has to be translated

6. Translation

   • Assembler
     • Turns assembly language into machine code
     • Only can be used in low level programming
   • Compiler
     • Creates an executable file to run the program
     • Once it is compiled it doesn't need the original source code
     • Interpreter
       • would be used on open source software
       • used when creating a program
       • Executes the source code directly
     • would be used for proprietary software

7. Data Types

   • Variable or constant
     • constant stays the same e.g Pi
     • variable changes during the program e.g score of a game
   • operations are mathematical symbols < > + -
   • integers and real numbers
     • integer is a whole number
     • real can have a decimal
   • Arrays are lists of the same data types