Second Language Acquisition Processes and Theories

Second Language Acquisition Processes and Theories

1. The interactionist model

   • Contributor: Long
   • Description: Teachers need to provide many opportunities for English learners to engage in discourse with native speakers of English, in a variety of situations.
   • Application: Using peer conversation as a means of enriching a student's exposure to language.

2. communicative competence

   • Contributor: Hymes
   • Application: Students listen to and repeat conversations, role play situations involving complaints or apologies, and work to expand their repertoire of common phrases
   • Description: the knowledge that enables language users to "convey and interpret messages and to negotiate meanings interpersonally within specific contexts.

3. Total physical response

   • Contributor: Asher
   • Description: Students respond to an oral command that is simultaneously being modeled.
   • Application: The teacher says "stand" while standing up and "sit" while sitting down, and students follow along

4. transformational grammar

   • Contributor: Chomsky
   • Application: Teachers don't teach students language, the students will hear the teacher speaking as the teacher does naturally and they will grow up competent speakers
   • Description: Human beings, once exposed to the language(s) of their environment, use their innate ability to understand and produce sentences they have never before heard, because the mind has the capacity to internalize and construct language rules.

5. interlanguage theory

   • Contributor Selinker:
   • Application: It is compatible with error analysis and data-driven teaching so teachers should use assessments to shape subsequent instruction.
   • Description: Second-language learners draw from three sources of information: the rules of their own language, a general knowledge about the way languages work, and the rules of the new language that they acquire gradually.

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