China ~ Antinatalism

China ~ Antinatalism

1. Issues

   • Demographic structure
     • Ageing population
       • Population Pyramids
     • Shortage of an economically active age group
       • Less people taking over the jobs
   • Gender Structure
     • Higher male ratio compared to females
     • By 2020, 30 million men will be unable to find a wife and have a child
   • Civil Liberties and Human Rights
     • Women, for a brief period of time, whom were pregnant were often forced to have an abortion or sterilization
       • This was at the beginning of the policy
     • "Granny Police"
       • People used to spy on families suspected to be hidding a pregnancy
   • Little Emperor Syndrome
     • Indulged men whom are arrogant and lack social skills
   • Civil Unrest
     • In rural areas males were needed more to help with the manual labor
     • Reports of...
       • Gender selective abortions
       • Hidden Children
       • Abandonned Girls
       • Female Infanticide (Rare)

2. The Policy

   • Failure
     • criticisms about human rights (not only freedom of choice but forced abortions and sterilizations)
     • "Female Problems"
       • Infanticide
       • Sex Imbalance 117:100
       • Child Abandonment
     • Increase in the dependancy load
       • A large portion of the population will be older than 65
         • Shortage of workers to take over the jobs left by this population group
       • The population, however is still going to reach 1.3 billion and will still grow
     • "Little Emperors Syndrome"
       • The only child is spoiled
     • The policy is open to corruption
       • Bribes to have another child
   • Success
     • The fertility rate has declined
       • 6 / women to 1.7 / women
     • The populations growth rate has declined
       • 1960's : 2.61%
       • Today : 0.65%
     • The birth rate has declined
       • Went from 45 / 1000 to 13 / 1000

3. History

   • 1953
     • The first census occurred : 583 million people
   • 1970
     • An attempt to slow down the population
       • Slogan: "Later, longer, fewer."
       • Encouraged people to have 2 children only
   • 1979
     • The one child policy is introduced
   • 2010
     • The population reaches 1.335 billion people
   • 1953 - 1964
     • The population increased by 112 million people
     • Mao Zedong encouraged people to have a larger family to make China stronger

4. Mechanisms

   • Introducing laws to the Han majority to reduce the number of births
     • 90% of the population
     • Does not include he minority groups
       • The policy does not apply to the minority groups
   • Cash Bonuses
     • improved housing
     • education
     • free health care
       • free birth control and family planning advice
   • Age limits for mariage certificates
     • A couple must apply for a marriage certificate
       • The later a couple gets married the chances of having a child gets slimmer
   • Housing of more than one child can lead to...
     • loss of benefits
     • financial penalty
       • This can be three times a persons salary

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