Mind map

Operating Systems

Michael O'Keefe Computer Science English

Map content

Operating Systems

Processes
- Process Control Block
  - Stack
  - Heap
  - Text (code)
  - Program Counter
  - I/O Devices
  - File Descriptors
  - CPU Status/Registers
- Process State
  - Created
  - Ready
  - Running
  - Waiting
  - Terminated
- System Queues
  - Ready Queue
  - I/O Request Queues
  - Job Queue
- Types of Scheduling
  - Long-Term
    - From disk to RAM
  - Mid-term
    - RAM to disk when waiting
  - Short-term
    - CPU Scheduling/Dispatch
- Communication
  - Interprocess
    - Message Passing
      - Direct
      - Indirect
    - Shared Memory
  - Client-Server
    - Sockets
    - RPC
    - RMI
- Context Switch
- Parent and Child
- Mapping
  - Process to CPU
  - Thread to Core
  - Parallelism vs Concurrency
- Unix Process Creation/Execution
Threads
- Types of Threads
  - User Threads
    - POSIX
    - Win32
    - Java
  - Kernel Threads
    - Linux
    - Windows
- Singlethreaded
- Multithreaded
  - Models
    - Many-to-One
    - One-to-One
    - Many-to-Many
- Threading Issues
- Java Thread States
  - New
  - Runnable
  - Blocked
  - Dead
OS Structures
- OS Services
- Kernel
- Command Interpreters
- Virtual Machines
- I/O
  - Synchronous
  - Asynchronous
- Interrupts
  - Hardware
  - Software
- Design and Implementations
  - Systems Requirements
  - Upfront Design
  - Modularity
  - Policy Decisions
  - Programming Language
  - Debugging
- Device Controllers
- Direct Memory Access
- Types of Requests
  - User Mode vs Kernel mode
  - System Calls
    - Program Control
    - Status Requests
    - I/O Requests
Scheduling
- Algorithrms
  - First-Come First-Serve
  - Shortest-Job-First
  - Round Robin
  - Multilevel Feedback Queue
  - Priority
- Preemptive vs Non-Preemptive
- Attributes/Criteria
  - CPU Utilization
  - Throughput
  - Waiting Time
  - Response Time
  - Execution Time
- Performance Techniques
  - Gantt Charts
  - Simulation
  - Implementation
- Dispatcher
Synchronization
- Classic Problems
  - Bounded Buffer
  - Readers-Writers
  - Dining Philosophers
- Solutions
  - Hardware Level
    - Test-and-Set
    - Compare-and-Swap
  - User Level
    - Peterson's Algorithm
    - Dekker's Algorithm
  - OS Level
    - Sempahores
  - Language Level
    - Monitors
- Critical Section
  - Requirements
    - Mutual Exclusion
    - Progress
    - Bounded Waiting
- Problems
  - Deadlock
  - Race Condition
  - Starvation
- Locks
  - Semaphores
  - Monitors
  - Test-and-set
  - Compare-and-swap
  - Mutex
- Java Synchronization
- Atomic Transactions
Deadlocks
- Conditions For Deadlock
  - Mutual Exclusion
  - Hold and Wait
  - No Preemption
  - Circular Wait
- Resource Allocation Graph
  - Types of Edges
    - Request
    - Assignment
    - Claim
- Handling Deadlocks
  - Prevention
    - Condition Constraints
  - Avoidance
    - Bankers Algorithm
    - Safe State
    - Safe Sequence
    - Resource Allocation Graph Algorithm
    - Safety Algorithm
  - Detection and Recovery
    - Cycle Detection
    - Preemption
    - Process Termination
  - Ignore
Protection
- Goals
- Protection Domain
  - Static
  - Dynamic
  - Domain Structure
- Access Matrix
  - Implementations
    - Global Table
    - Access Lists for Objects
    - Capability Lists for Domains
    - Lock-Key
    - Comparison
- Access Control
File System
- Interface
  - File
    - Attributes
    - Opperations
    - Types
    - Structures
  - Access Methods
    - Sequential
    - Direct
  - Disk
    - Structure
      - Partition
      - Volume
      - Raw vs Cooked
  - Directory
    - Types
      - Single-Level
      - Two-Level
      - Tree-Structure
      - Acyclic Graph
    - Symbol Table
    - Operations
  - File Sharing
    - Multi-User
    - Remote File System
    - Distributed
    - Client-Server
    - Consistency
  - File Protection
    - Access Control
    - Types of Access
  - Mounting
    - Mount Point
- Implementation
  - Allocation Methods
    - Contiguous
      - External Fragmentation
        Compaction
    - Linked
      - Clusters
      - FAT
      - Reliablity
    - Indexed
      - Index Block
        Linked
        Combined
        Multilevel
  - Free-Space Management
    - Bit Vector
    - Linked List
    - Efficiency and Performance
    - Grouping
    - Counting
  - Directory
    - Linear List
    - Hash Table
  - Virtual File System
    - Interface
    - Objects
      - Inode
      - File
      - Superblock
      - Dentry
  - Partitions and Mounting
    - Booting
    - Root Partition
  - Structures
    - On Disk
      - Boot Control Block
      - Volume Control Block
      - Directory Structure
      - File Control Block
    - In Memory
      - Mount Table
      - Directory Cache
      - Global Open File Table
      - File Buffers
      - Per Process Open File Table
  - Recovery
    - Consistency
    - Logging
    - Backups
  - NFS
    - Mount Protocol
    - Path-Name Translation
    - Remote Operations
Main Memory Management
- Adressing
  - Logical
  - Physical
- Swapping
  - Backing Store
- Fragmentation
  - External
  - Internal
  - Compaction
- Paging
  - Page Table
    - Hierarchical
    - Inverted
    - Hashed
  - Frames
  - Pages
  - Mapping
  - Frame Table
  - Hardware Support
    - TLB
    - PTBR
    - PTLR
  - Protection
    - Valid Bit
- Hardware
  - Cache
  - Registers
  - MMU
- Contiguous Memory Allocation
  - Protection
  - Holes
  - Memory Partitions
  - Allocation
    - Best Fit
    - First FIt
    - Worst Fit
- Address Binding
  - Compile Time
  - Load Time
  - Execution Time
- Dynamic Loading
- Dynamic Linking
- Segmentation
  - Segment Table
  - Intel Pentium
  - Hardware
Virtual Memory
- Demand Paging
  - Page Replacement
    - Reference Bit
    - Dirty Bit
    - Algorithms
      - FIFO
      - OPT
      - LRU
      - Second Chance
    - Belady's Anomaly
  - Page Fault
  - Different than Swapping
  - Valid Bit
  - Locality
  - Swap Space
  - Effective Address Time
- Thrashing
  - Multiprogramming
  - Locality Needs
  - Working Set Model
  - Page Fault Frequency
  - Performance
- Frame Allocation
  - Global vs Local
  - Fixed
  - Priority
  - Minimum Number of Frames
- Copy-on-write
  - Process Creation
  - Sharing Pages
- Memory Mapped Files
- Kernel Memory Allocation
  - Buddy System
  - Slab Allocation

Information

Description: Computer Science Mind Map on Operating Systems, created by Michael O'Keefe on 05/12/2016.
Created by: Michael O'Keefe
Views: 0
Tags: os operating system mindmap topics
History: Created by David Lee · Nov 9, 2016

Copied by Michael O'Keefe · Dec 5, 2016
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