Ethanol

Ethanol

Ethanol is toxic.
15% = Kills the yeast cells that made it, stopping fermentation.
Stronger drink = Heat fermentation mixture.
Ethanol boils at a lower temperature than water, so the fraction of the liquid that boils first will contain a higher percentage of ethanol.
1. This vapour is condensed to produce stronger drinks.
  1. This process is called fractional distillation.
Pure ethanol will boil at 78 degrees celsius.
Ethanol can be made by reacting ethene with steam in the presence of a catalyst. This is called hydration = Ethene and water.
ethene + steam + catalyst = ethanol
1. C2H4 (G) + H2O (G) = C2H5OH (L)
Ethene is produced from crude oil.
A small amount of ethene occurs naturally in the petroleum gases that are found with the oil.
Large amounts of ethene are made by cracking larger molecules in the higher-boiling fractions of crude oil.
Fuels made from plant crops are called biofuels.
Fermentation = 15% concentration
Fractional distillation = 95% pure
Heating ethanol to a high temperature in the presence of a suitable catalyst produces ethene and steam (dehydration).
ethanol + catalyst = ethene and steam
1. C2H5OH (G) = C2H4 (G) + H2O (G)

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	Created by livmills97 about 10 years ago