Semester 2 Exam notes

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Substances and Mixtures

The four states of matter is solid, liquid, gas and plasma

Solid: has fixed size and volume- cannot be compressed (incompressible) nor expanded

This is because a solid's particles are very close together and arranged in a uniform structure

The particles vibrate on the spot

A table is a solid

Liquid: has fixed size and volume but can flow- takes the shape of the container it's in

A liquids particles are close together but arranged randomly and moves slightly

Water is a liquid

Gas: no fixed size or volume- compressible

The particles are spread very far apart and moves randomly- takes shape of container

Smoke is a gas with odour

Plasma: not common on earth because it only exists above 6000 degrees Celsius

Plasma can be found on stars

Non- Newtonian liquids are liquids that do not follow Newton's rule of viscosity

Viscosity is the 'thickness' of a liquid

These liquids can change viscosity under pressure into more solid or liquid

Slime is a non- newtonian liquid

Physical properties are properties of a substance that can be used to put a substance into the categories of either a solid, liquid or gas

This includes the appearance and how the substance acts

Physical properties of substances: whether it's a solid, liquid or gas at ROOM temperature (25 degrees Celsius), boiling and freezing point of the substance and the density