Mind Map 2nd Partial - creado desde un Mapa Mental

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ARTICLES

PRESENT PERFECT VS PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS

PRESENT PERFECT VS SIMPLE PAST

PAST PERFECT

PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS

A/AN

THE

NO ARTCILE

We use a / an with singular countable nouns: 1. the first time you mention a thing / person. 4. in expressions of frequency. 2. when you say what something is or what somebody does. 3. in exclamations with What…!

AN: I saw an awful man in the river.

A: She is a doctor who works near my house

We use the: 1. when we talk about something we’ve already mentioned. 5. with superlatives. 2. when it’s clear what you’re referring to. 3. when there’s only one of something. 4. with places in a town, e.g., movies and theater

THE: The moon is white and beautiful.

We don’t use an article: 1 when we are speaking in general (with plural and uncountable nouns). Compare: I love flowers. (= flowers in general) I love the flowers in my garden. (= the specific flowers in my garden) 4 before next / last + day, week, etc. 2 with some nouns, (e.g., home, work, school) after at / to / from. 3 before meals, days, and months.

Children usually like school.

PRESENT PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS

We use the present perfect + for or since with nonaction (e.g., like, have, know, etc.) and action verbs.

I’ve lived here since 1980.

We use the present perfect continuous with for and since with action verbs (e.g., learn, work, go, etc.).

They’ve been going out for about three years.

PRESENT PERFECT

SIMPLE PAST

We often use the present perfect to ask about or tell somebody about a past action for the first time.

We use the present perfect and the simple past with yet and already. Already is used in + sentences and goes before the main verb. Yet is used with – sentences and ?. It goes at the end of the phrase.

I’ve already seen this movie twice.

We then use the simple past to ask / talk about specific past details.

We use the simple past NOT the present perfect with when and past time expressions e.g., yesterday, last week.

Who did you go with? I went with my sister.

Use the past perfect when you are already talking about the past and want to talk about an earlier past action.

When I woke up the yard was all white. It had snowed during the night.

The past perfect continuous tense (also known as the past perfect progressive tense) shows that an action that started in the past continued up until another time in the past.

He had been drinking milk out the carton when Mom walked into the kitchen.

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