Quiz
Applied Sports Psychology Exam 2
Questions in this quiz (64)
1It is recommended that appropriate goals be:
- Aa. short-term only
- Bb. long-term only
- Cc. a combination of short- and long-term
- Dd. short-term early in the season, then long-term midway through the season.
- Ee. either short-term or long-term depending on the way you phrase your generalized goals.
2Focusing on performance (as opposed to outcome goals) during competition has been shown to be associated with _____ anxiety and _____ performance.
- Aa. more; poorer
- Bb. less; superior
- Cc. more; superior
- Dd. less; poorer
- Ee. none of the above
3The mechanistic explanation for the effectiveness of goal setting includes:
- Aa. directing the performer's attention to important elements of a skill.
- Bb. mobilizing effort and increasing persistence by providing incentives.
- Cc. the development and employment of new learning strategies.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and b
4According to the text, goals should be:
- Aa. extremely difficult so that only 10% of your players can reach them.
- Bb. easy enough to achieve so that self-esteem is enhanced.
- Cc. difficult enough to be a challenge, yet realistic enough to achieve.
- Dd. set to the same value (e.g., the same score, the same time) for everyone on the same team so that no one is singled out as a favorite.
- Ee. c and d
5The phrase "out of sight, out of mind" is a reminder to:
- Aa. write your goals down and place them where they can be easily seen.
- Bb. write your goals down and put them secretly away, only to be reread at the end of the season.
- Cc. use visualization when you set your performance goals.
- Dd. sign a behavioral contract with your coach or parents, which should be placed in a drawer (or some safe place) and reevaluated once a year.
- Ee. constantly use self-talk while competing to refresh your memory of your goal.
6Which of the following is (are) a common problem when setting goals?
- Aa. setting too few goals.
- Bb. failing to adjust goals.
- Cc. failing to recognize individual differences.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. b and c
7A formal assessment of an athlete's current ability or needs is:
- Aa. part of the instructor’s or leader’s preparation stage of implementing a goal-setting program.
- Bb. great for identifying what areas you think the athlete needs to improve.
- Cc. part of the education and acquisition stage of implementing a goal-setting program.
- Dd. a and b
- Ee. none of the above
8When formulating a goal-setting program with a novice goal setter, it is best to:
- Aa. help the person set multiple goals, such as skill goals, concentration goals, and technique goals.
- Bb. help the person select one goal from a list of multiple goals she would like to pursue.
- Cc. let the person choose the top two goals from a list of possible goals that you create for her.
- Dd. let the person decide on the type and number of goals to pursue.
9It is important to _____ throughout the entire goal-setting process.
- Aa. provide feedback
- Bb. provide support
- Cc. provide encouragement
- Dd. reevaluate goals
- Ee. all of the above
10In developing a goal-setting program, it is important for individuals to set:
- Aa. only performance goals
- Bb. performance and process goals
- Cc. process and outcome goals
- Dd. process, performance, and outcome goals
- Ee. performance and outcome goals
11Simply telling an athlete to "do your best" is:
- Aa. fine for younger kids
- Bb. effective when the sport is well learned
- Cc. not specific enough
- Dd. effective for developing an athlete's commitment
- Ee. all of the above
12According to Snyder, hope involves having a realistic goal and:
- Aa. having a very difficult goal.
- Bb. being able to reach the goal.
- Cc. having a high level of concentration.
- Dd. having a low level of anxiety.
- Ee. having the self-talk to support it.
13The two sensations that are emphasized in autogenic training are:
- Aa. warmth and cold
- Bb. warmth and heaviness
- Cc. kinesthetic and heaviness
- Dd. warmth and kinesthetic
- Ee. cold and kinesthetic
14The premise of stress inoculation training is to:
- Aa. expose the person to increasing amounts of stress, thereby enhancing the person's immunity to stress.
- Bb. teach both somatic and cognitive anxiety skills.
- Cc. teach people that stress is predominantly in their minds.
- Dd. teach people to appraise stressful situations.
- Ee. none of the above
15Using an electronic monitoring device that can detect and amplify internal responses not ordinarily available to us is known as:
- Aa. systematic desensitization
- Bb. classical conditioning
- Cc. biological mapping
- Dd. biofeedback
- Ee. biological conditioning
16Effective breathing occurs from the:
- Aa. diaphragm
- Bb. central chest
- Cc. upper chest
- Dd. throat
- Ee. none of the above
17Progressive relaxation was developed by:
- Aa. Herbert Benson
- Bb. Ken Ravizza
- Cc. Edmund Jacobson
- Dd. Rainer Martens
- Ee. Daniel Gould
18Excess anxiety can produce:
- Aa. inappropriate muscle tension.
- Bb. inappropriate thoughts.
- Cc. somatic (physiological) reactions.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and c
19The matching hypothesis refers to:
- Aa. matching athletes with coaches to reduce anxiety levels.
- Bb. matching athletes with other athletes of similar anxiety levels.
- Cc. matching the type of anxiety management technique to the specific anxiety problem of each athlete.
- Dd. matching athletes to the sport that is least anxiety provoking to them.
- Ee. none of the above
20The two most widely accepted coping categories are known as:
- Aa. problem-focused and cognitive-focused coping.
- Bb. problem-focused and emotion-focused coping.
- Cc. cognitive-focused and somatic-focused coping.
- Dd. emotion-focused and somatic-focused coping.
- Ee. emotion-focused and cognitive-focused coping.
21The elements necessary for achieving the relaxation response include:
- Aa. a quiet environment
- Bb. a passive attitude
- Cc. a mental device
- Dd. a comfortable position
- Ee. all of the above
22Which of the following can increase activation?
- Aa. using positive mood words.
- Bb. slowing down the breathing rate.
- Cc. listening to energizing music.
- Dd. a and c
- Ee. b and c
23Which of the following can be useful as an on-site strategy to help reduce tension?
- Aa. Smile when the pressure is coming on.
- Bb. Slow down.
- Cc. Stay focused in the present.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and c
24Cognitive restructuring attempts to:
- Aa. identify and modify stress-inducing self-statements.
- Bb. improve problem-solving ability.
- Cc. improve attentional focus.
- Dd. identify different strategies for mental preparation.
- Ee. none of the above
25The narrowing and internal focus associated with choking can result in:
- Aa. impaired timing.
- Bb. loss of coordination.
- Cc. poor judgment and decision making.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and b
26According to the text, "choking" should be defined as:
- Aa. a bad performance at a critical time of competition.
- Bb. a process that leads to impaired performance.
- Cc. making a mistake that costs you or your team a victory.
- Dd. making a mistake that is emotionally important to an athlete.
- Ee. all of the above
27Athletes with a preference for a broad–external focus:
- Aa. are seldom distracted by an audience.
- Bb. rarely try too hard to please others.
- Cc. seem to notice everything that is happening around them.
- Dd. are well prepared to act as a coach or informal leader.
- Ee. b and c
28"Cue" words are often effective because:
- Aa. they can help trigger a particular response.
- Bb. they can be motivational or emotionally stimulating.
- Cc. they may have an instructional component.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. b and c
29Future-oriented thinking (attending to events in the future):
- Aa. is common among younger athletes.
- Bb. involves seeing a past mistake while focusing on the present.
- Cc. often takes the form of "what about me" statements.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and c
30Top athletes seem to be able to do just the right thing at just the right time. From an attentional perspective, research has shown that this is mostly due to their ability to:
- Aa. analyze situations more quickly and use more anticipatory cues.
- Bb. use a narrow–external focus.
- Cc. use a broad–external focus.
- Dd. use a narrow–internal focus.
- Ee. analyze situations by using imagery and positive self-talk.
3115. If a golfer shifts attention just before a tee shot, from the length of the fairway and the direction of the wind to focusing only on the ball, her attention has shifted from _____ to _____.
- Aa. broad–internal; narrow–external
- Bb. broad–internal; narrow–internal
- Cc. broad–external; narrow–internal
- Dd. broad–external; narrow–external
32An example of Nideffer's broad–external type of attentional focus is:
- Aa. a basketball point guard's rapidly assessing the positioning of the defense while on a fast break.
- Bb. a coach's analyzing the game plan prior to the start of the competition.
- Cc. a baseball pitcher's focusing on the catcher's mitt just before beginning his pitch.
- Dd. a wrestler's practicing mental imagery on the bus ride to a meet.
- Ee. a basketball player's sighting the rim while on the free-throw line.
33Which of the following best represents William James' classic description of attention?
- Aa. It involves the ability to pay attention to several things at once.
- Bb. It implies withdrawal from some things in order to deal effectively with others.
- Cc. It involves components of both width and direction.
- Dd. It involves the components of both internality and stability.
- Ee. none of the above
34Using a trigger word to stop negative self-statements is called:
- Aa. thought stopping
- Bb. attentional narrowing
- Cc. external attentional focus
- Dd. peripheral narrowing
- Ee. tunnel vision
35Tennis and baseball players are able to successfully hit balls traveling toward them at high speeds because:
- Aa. they have learned to watch the ball hit their racket (or bat).
- Bb. they have learned to predict the flight of the ball by using advanced attentional cues.
- Cc. they have learned to use a narrow–external focus.
- Dd. they have learned to rapidly shift their attentional focus.
- Ee. they have learned to use a broad–external focus.
36According to Nideffer, effective attenders indicate that they can:
- Aa. deal well with a multitude of stimuli from both external and internal sources.
- Bb. effectively switch their attention from broad to narrow focus when necessary.
- Cc. attend to many stimuli (both internally and externally) while not becoming overloaded with too much information.
- Dd. a and c
- Ee. all of the above
37Why would you want to have a friend wave his arms around you while you are focusing on a basketball?
- Aa. to assist you in shifting your attention from the ball to the waving arms.
- Bb. to help you in your search for irrelevant cues.
- Cc. to force you to maintain concentration on the ball.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and c
38Telling yourself to focus probably is best defined as:
- Aa. establishing a routine to be used primarily during "down" times.
- Bb. a method to keep attention focused through the use of eye control.
- Cc. a cue word for bringing you back into a present focus.
- Dd. an exercise that enables you to practice shifting attentional focus.
- Ee. the opposite of "stop!" as an attention-focusing tool.
39Ironic processes in sport refers to:
- Aa. ironically performing movement.
- Bb. the idea that trying not to perform an action can trigger its occurrence accidentally.
- Cc. doing something an athlete is not trained to do.
- Dd. performing well even with little experience.
- Ee. none of the above
40To improve concentration, an athlete should:
- Aa. practice without distractions present.
- Bb. establish routines.
- Cc. practice eye control.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. b and c
41Which of the following is (are) a major process involved in explaining the attention–performance relationship?
- Aa. attentional selectivity
- Bb. attentional capacity
- Cc. attentional alertness
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and b
42The concept of attentional alertness operates under the assumption that arousal:
- Aa. narrows attention
- Bb. broadens attention
- Cc. enhances attention
- Dd. disrupts attention
- Ee. none of the above
43Research has indicated that paying attention to step-by-step instructions is most helpful:
- Aa. for elite performers
- Bb. for new learners
- Cc. for closed skills
- Dd. for open skills
- Ee. continuous skills
44Which of the following is (are) principles of effective concentration?
- Aa. A focused state of mind requires intentional mental effort.
- Bb. Athletes can consciously focus on more than one thought at a time.
- Cc. During peak performance there is no difference between an athlete’s thoughts and actions.
- Dd. a and c
- Ee. b and c
45Basic imagery training involves:
- Aa. controllability and awareness.
- Bb. controllability and vividness.
- Cc. vividness and relaxation.
- Dd. relaxation and awareness.
- Ee. relaxation and controllability.
46Imagery involves which of the following senses?
- Aa. visual
- Bb. auditory
- Cc. kinesthetic
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and b
47Vividly imagined events produce an innervation in muscles that is similar to the innervation produced by physically practicing the movement. This is an illustration of:
- Aa. symbolic learning theory.
- Bb. psychoneuromuscular theory.
- Cc. muscular contraction theory.
- Dd. innervation theory.
- Ee. psychodynamic theory.
48To determine whether using imagery is effective, evidence has been gathered from which of the following methods?
- Aa. anecdotal reports.
- Bb. case studies.
- Cc. experimental research.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. b and c
49Internal imagery (as compared to external imagery) makes it easier for an athlete to experience which of the following senses?
- Aa. kinesthetic
- Bb. auditory
- Cc. visual
- Dd. olfactory
- Ee. none of the above
50Triple code theory refers to what three parts of the image?
- Aa. image itself, image meaning, somatic response to the image.
- Bb. image itself, image meaning, cognitive response to the image.
- Cc. image itself, image timing, somatic response to the image.
- Dd. image meaning, image timing, cognitive response to the image.
- Ee. image consistency, image meaning, image timing.
51Athletes who incorporate all the senses into their image will score high on what aspect of imagery?
- Aa. controllability
- Bb. coordination
- Cc. vividness
- Dd. motivation
- Ee. simplicity
52Which of the following is (are) basic to a successful imagery training program?
- Aa. realistic expectations.
- Bb. relaxed concentration.
- Cc. image in slow motion.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and b
53Which of the following statements is (are) true?
- Aa. Imagery can't help performance; only hard physical practice can.
- Bb. Imagery can make an average athlete great.
- Cc. Imagery can improve performance if it is done systematically.
- Dd. a and c
- Ee. b and c
54Which of the following statements is (are) true?
- Aa. Individuals should image only successful events.
- Bb. Individuals should image mostly unsuccessful events.
- Cc. Individuals should image mostly successful events but also learn to cope with an occasional failure.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. none of the above
55Psychological explanations for the effectiveness of imagery include a focus on:
- Aa. building psychological skills.
- Bb. enhancing motivation.
- Cc. achieving optimal arousal and focus on task-relevant cues.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and c
56Which of the following explain(s) why players and coaches often neglect psychological skills training?
- Aa. lack of knowledge.
- Bb. lack of time.
- Cc. viewing psychological skills as unchangeable.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and c
57From a psychological perspective, the ultimate goal of psychological skills training is:
- Aa. self-efficacy
- Bb. self-regulation
- Cc. self-esteem
- Dd. mental preparation
- Ee. self-concept
58Results of a study focusing on successful versus unsuccessful athletes showed that more successful athletes are characterized by:
- Aa. higher self-confidence.
- Bb. higher anxiety.
- Cc. more task-oriented thoughts.
- Dd. a and b
- Ee. a and c
59Sport psychology topics that form the basis for PST programs include which of the following?
- Aa. confidence building
- Bb. imagery
- Cc. attentional skills
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and c
60Which of the following demonstrate(s) psychological skills training?
- Aa. A fitness instructor suggests using positive self-statements to enhance self-esteem with an overweight client.
- Bb. A physical education teacher uses relaxation training to help students calm down before going on to their next class.
- Cc. A therapist uses behavior modification techniques to help a person quit smoking.
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and b
61When is it generally best to implement a PST program?
- Aa. anytime.
- Bb. during the off-season or preseason.
- Cc. after a problem is identified.
- Dd. before important competitions.
- Ee. before easy competitions.
62When new psychological skills are being learned, how long should they generally be practiced?
- Aa. 5 days a week, 60 minutes a day.
- Bb. 3 to 5 days a week, 10 to 15 minutes a day.
- Cc. twice a week, 30 minutes a day.
- Dd. 5 days a week, 45 to 60 minutes a day.
- Ee. 3 days a week, 60 minutes a day.
63Which of the following is NOT a phase in PST?
- Aa. education phase.
- Bb. practice phase.
- Cc. intervention phase.
- Dd. acquisition phase.
64According to Vealey, which of the following is (are) method(s) of psychological skills?
- Aa. goal setting
- Bb. imagery
- Cc. confidence
- Dd. all of the above
- Ee. a and b
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- - Applied Sports Psychology Quiz on Applied Sports Psychology Exam 2, created by Nicole Piatchek on 01/03/2017.
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