Structural & Functional Neuroimaging

1. 1Sensory systems are [blank_start]hierarchical[blank_end], [blank_start]functionally[blank_end] segregated, and [blank_start]parallel[blank_end].

   1. Ahierarchical
   2. Bfunctionally
   3. Cparallel
2. 2[blank_start]Akinetopsia[blank_end] is the inability to perceive movement [blank_start]continuously[blank_end].

   1. AAkinetopsia
   2. Bcontinuously
3. 33 levels of the cortex:
   -[blank_start]Primary[blank_end] - input from the [blank_start]thalamus[blank_end]
   -[blank_start]Secondary[blank_end] - input from the [blank_start]primary cortex[blank_end]
   -[blank_start]Association[blank_end] - multimodal areas that [blank_start]integrate[blank_end] information and initiate [blank_start]motor commands[blank_end] (prefrontal cortex)

   1. APrimary
   2. BSecondary
   3. CAssociation
   4. Dthalamus
   5. Eprimary cortex
   6. Fintegrate
   7. Gmotor commands
4. 4Structural neuroimaging aims to find the [blank_start]location of lesions[blank_end] and where there is [blank_start]malfunction[blank_end]. Functional neuroimaging aims to show [blank_start]brain activity[blank_end].

   1. Alocation of lesions
   2. Bmalfunction
   3. Cbrain activity
5. 5Structural brain imaging includes:
   -[blank_start]X-ray[blank_end]: skull
   -[blank_start]cerebral angiography[blank_end]: [blank_start]X-rays[blank_end] w/ [blank_start]contrast[blank_end] agent to see [blank_start]veins/arteries[blank_end] in the brain - detects [blank_start]aneurysms[blank_end], [blank_start]blockages[blank_end], [blank_start]hemorrhage[blank_end], and [blank_start]growths[blank_end] or [blank_start]tumours[blank_end] (via vessel shape)
   -[blank_start]CT scan[blank_end]: thousands of X-rays w/ an [blank_start]algorithm[blank_end]
   -[blank_start]MRI[blank_end]: aligns [blank_start]H+ ions[blank_end] w/ a [blank_start]magnetic field[blank_end], then briefly perturbs with a [blank_start]second magnetic field[blank_end]; realignment radiofrequency detected by a scanner ([blank_start]relaxation[blank_end]), image shows contrast between [blank_start]H+ ions[blank_end] all with different [blank_start]water contents[blank_end]
   -[blank_start]DTI[blank_end]: modern [blank_start]MRI[blank_end] that shows [blank_start]H2O molecules[blank_end] moving along [blank_start]axons[blank_end] to show how tumours affect [blank_start]white matter[blank_end]

   1. AX-ray
   2. Bcerebral angiography
   3. CX-rays
   4. Dcontrast
   5. Eveins/arteries
   6. Faneurysms
   7. Gblockages
   8. Hhemorrhage
   9. Igrowths
   10. Jtumours
   11. KCT scan
   12. Lalgorithm
   13. MMRI
   14. NH+ ions
   15. Omagnetic field
   16. Psecond magnetic field
   17. Qrelaxation
   18. RH+ ions
   19. Swater contents
   20. TDTI
   21. UMRI
   22. VH2O molecules
   23. Waxons
   24. Xwhite matter
6. 6Functional brain imagine includes:
   -[blank_start]EEG[blank_end]: [blank_start]electrical[blank_end] activity in cortex
   -[blank_start]PET[blank_end]: [blank_start]radioactive[blank_end] substance mimicking [blank_start]glucose[blank_end] injected to show metabolically active cells
   -[blank_start]fMRI[blank_end]: use [blank_start]MRI[blank_end] with different [blank_start]algorithms[blank_end] and [blank_start]BOLD[blank_end] response

   1. AEEG
   2. Belectrical
   3. CPET
   4. Dradioactive
   5. Eglucose
   6. FfMRI
   7. GMRI
   8. Halgorithms
   9. IBOLD
7. 7The BOLD response is [blank_start]blood oxygen level[blank_end] dependent. [blank_start]Functional hyperaemia[blank_end] occurs when an active region receives more blood w/ vessel [blank_start]dilation[blank_end]. Thus, there is a higher ratio of [blank_start]O2-rich[blank_end] blood versus [blank_start]O2-poor[blank_end] blood in that area. [blank_start]O2-rich[blank_end] blood is [blank_start]dia[blank_end]magnetic, which aligns [blank_start]perpendicular[blank_end] to the magnetic field. [blank_start]O2-poor[blank_end] blood is [blank_start]para[blank_end]magnetic ([blank_start]strongly[blank_end] magnetic) so it aligns [blank_start]parallel[blank_end]. Decreased [blank_start]paramagnetism[blank_end] in the hyperaemic area decreases MR signal interference, so the signal from this part is [blank_start]stronger[blank_end].

   1. Ablood oxygen level
   2. BFunctional hyperaemia
   3. Cdilation
   4. DO2-rich
   5. EO2-poor
   6. FO2-rich
   7. Gdia
   8. Hperpendicular
   9. IO2-poor
   10. Jpara
   11. Kstrongly
   12. Lparallel
   13. Mparamagnetism
   14. Nstronger

Description

Psychology (PSYC 301) Quiz on Structural & Functional Neuroimaging, created by Christy W on 08/04/2017.

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Christy W

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