Flashcards
Chapter 3
Cards in this deck (5)
- 1Chapter 3 BehaviourismTradition that states psychology should be a science of behaviour without considering mental states as they cannot be observed. Studies non-human animals with a view to generalising their behaviour to other species.
Watson-Learning builds on innate factors & human behaviour is controlled by environmental factors.
Important as offers viable explanations for behaviours & has led to practical uses in behaviour modification. - 2Chapter 3 Sociocultural PerspectiveProposes that learning involves the use of cultural,physical or psychological tools. Learning is embedded in interpersonal relationships that take place within social & cultural systems.
Mercer-Observation study-Nature of talk;shows how children jointly construct understanding together in the way they talk.
Important as offers alternative view to behaviourist & cognitive perspectives & aids understanding of different ways of learning. - 3Chapter 3 Operant ConditioningForm of instrumental conditioning traditionally studied using a Skinner box.
Skinner-Rats/pidgeons are places placed in the box and rewarded with a food pellet when they press lever. Animal emits behaviour that effects its environment. Desired behaviour results in reward/punishment and a change in the frequency of that behaviour.
Important as research tool into behaviour modification. - 4Chapter 3 Classical ConditioningForm of learning in behaviourist perspective that modifies behaviour by teaching the subject to respond in a desired manner.
Pavlov-Neutral stimulus (Bell) was paired with unconditional stimulus(Food) which resulted in unconditioned response(salivation). Pairing the bell & food repeatedly transforms the bell into a conditioned stimulus that alone triggers conditional response of salivation.
Important as contributes to understanding of learning & how this occurs with conscious intent. - 5Chapter 3 Category LearningCognitive perspective that learning occurs when people come to understand that certain objects & entities belong together in a particular category.
Bruner-Hypothesis testing-People use different strategies to category learn. Use prior knowledge about certain attributes & consider only those categories that make sense.
Important as suggests there could be different aspects to learning.
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- Flashcards on Chapter 3, created by vikkimatthews on 23/05/2013.
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