Flashcards
Islam:Glossary
Cards in this deck (59)
- 1PolytheismBelieving in more than one God
- 2MeccaThe birthplace of Prophet Muhammad, and the holiest city for Muslims
- 3BedouinArab desert nomad
- 4Clana large family grouping
- 5tribeA group of clans
- 6AkhiraLife after death.
- 7Allah: the GodAffirms that there is only one God.
- 8CaliphThe four successors of Muhammad - ’rightly guided’; ‘defenders of the
faith’. - 9Five Pillars: The foundation of faithConfessions of faith, prayer, almsgiving, fasting,
pilgrimage. - 10HadithRecorded traditions which maintain sayings/examples (Sunnah) of
Muhammad. - 11HaramThose things that are forbidden.
- 12IslamSubmission’ to the will of God; a further meaning is ‘peace’.
- 13JurisprudenceThe process/science of interpreting Qur’an and Hadith to arrive at a
correct decision. - 14Ka’baLocated in Mecca, Islam’s holiest site; the Qur’an states that it was built
by Ibrahim and Ishmael. - 15RamadanThe ninth month of the Muslim calendar when able adults undertake
rigorous fasting. - 16SalatPrayer-five times daily which assists adherents over their whole day in
submission to Allah. - 17Shahadathe first Pillar: ‘There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his
prophet’. - 18Shari’aLaw that defines the path a Muslim must follow in life.
- 19SunnahThe acts and sayings of the Prophet; source of teaching after the
Qur’an. - 20Sunni ‘path’- the way of Muhammad;approximately 85% of Muslims are
Sunni; accepts all four caliphs. - 21Shi’ia-the party of Ali’;Emphasis on suffering; specific system of law; majority
of expression in Islam. - 22TawafCircling the Ka’ba during Hajj.
- 23TawhidThere is only one God and only this one God can be worshipped;
pivotal belief of Islam. - 24UmmahThe universal community of Islam.
- 25ZakatA tax to provide for the needs of the poor and needy; usually 2.5% of a
person’s income. - 26IslamThe religion that preaches Allah is the one true god. In Arabic, the word ‘islam’ means ‘to surrender’. Islam asks that followers submit or surrender to the will of Allah
- 27MuslimOne who surrenders to Allah
- 28AllahMuslim word used to refer to the one true god
- 29Qur’anIslam’s most sacred text containing the actual words of Allah conveyed via Muhammad.Believed to be Islam’s only miracle
- 30Sunnah (sunnah) Plural sunanThe verbally transmitted record of the teachings, deeds and sayings, silent permissions (or disapprovals) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Made up of many hadith.
- 31HadithAn individual narrated report is called a hadith.
- 32SuraThe Qur’an is arranged into 114 Suras, or chapters. Suras generally arranged from the longest to the shortest.
- 33TawhidMeaning the ‘oneness of God’ The Islamic concept of monotheism in Islam, the religion& most fundamental concept.
- 34The shahadaThe basic, and most important Islamic profession of faith, “There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger”(or similar). One of the 5 Pillars of Islam.
- 35RusulProphet (which means ‘messenger’)
- 36ClanCollection of families. First loyalty is to the family.
- 37TribeCollection of clans. For example, both Muhammad and Khadijah belonged to the
Quraysh tribe, but different clans (families) within that tribe. - 38Mecca (Makkah)The most sacred Islamic city. Location of the Ka’ba.
- 39Ka’ba (Kaaba, Kaabah)(In Arabic means ‘cube’).The holiest place in Islam. A large cube-shaped building inside
the al-Masjid al-Haram mosque in Mecca. - 40Umma (Ummah)An Arabic word meaning "community". Is used in the Qur’an to refer to the community of
Muslims all over the word - 41Hajj(literally means ‘to set out for a place’). An annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, the most the holy city of the Muslims, and a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey
- 42Ihram / IhraamA sacred state which a Muslim must enter in order to perform the major pilgrimage (Hajj) or the minor pilgrimage (Umrah). Involves changing into white robes. Every male, regardless of race, gender, wealth, is dressed similarly (Two simple white garments). It is a reminder to be humble, and to be satisfied with a life free from distraction of possessions and earthly worries.
- 43Miqat (Meeqat; Meequat)Miqats are the points at which pilgrims on the Hajj put on ibhram, the pilgrim & garment made up of white cloth
- 44salatDaily prayer. Muslims must pray 5 times a day (dawn to sunrise; from noon to mid-
afternoon; from mid-afternoon to sunset; from sunset to an hour or so after. To pray, a Muslim must face towards Mecca (especially the Ka’ba). Purpose: to demonstrate submission to the will of Allah & maintain a connection to God - 45sawmFor 1 month per year (Ramadan), all Muslims (excluding women who are menstruating, breastfeeding, or pregnant, as well as very young, old, sick and travellers on long journeys) must not eat, drink or have sex between dawn & sunset. Holiest month of year. Qur’an expected to be read at night.
- 46SalamAn Arabic word that literally means "peace”. Also used as a general greeting
- 47tawafA circuit of the Ka’ba
- 48WuduRitual washing to be performed in preparation for prayer and worship.
- 49sa’yPilgrims perform the sa’y (mimicking Hagar’s frantic search for water for her son Ishmael after both were left to live in the desert on their own) and move quickly between the hills of Safa and Marwah. Pilgrims collect water from the well of Zamzam.
- 50wuqufPilgrims stand, wuquf, before God, facing the Mount of Mercy, on the Plain of Arafat
and pray from noon till sunset. Here the deepest prayers are said. It is the central point of the Hajj, and if missed, invalidates the Hajj. - 51JamrasLarge stone pillars on the Plains of Mina representing the devil.
- 52nahrThis is a ritual sacrifice of an animal.
- 53ulamaA body of Muslim scholars who are recognized as having specialist knowledge of Islamic sacred law and theology.
- 54Shar’iahThe law of complete and total submission to the will and authority of Allah. This submission leads to eternal salvation.
- 55Ulama(Islamic lawyers) recognised as being the most knowledgeable in matters of religious law.
- 56HalalRefers to those things that are permitted or allowed.
- 57HaraamUnlawful or forbidden things, eg, eating pork, drinking alcohol, adultery, murder.
- 58QiyasAnalogical Reasoning - extending established legal precedence to new matters by identifying an operative cause applicable to both situations.
- 59Ijmaconsensus of the community of scholars over a solution to legal and practical issue.
When a certain ruling lasts the test of time, more and more jurists as well as people
accept the ruling achieving a consensus over time.
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- Year 11 Religion Flashcards on Islam:Glossary, created by Shanendra Pillay on 19/03/2018.
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- Shanendra Pillay
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