Flashcards
Basic regulation of circulation and blood pressure
Cards in this deck (26)
- 1Smallest blood vessels?Capillaries
- 2What the main functions of capillaries?They allow the exchange and delivery of nutrients/substances.
- 3Name the three different types of capillaries.Continuous, Fenestrated, and Sinusoid.
- 4Difference between elastic and muscular artery?The muscular artery has an internal and external elastic membrane
- 5What is the chief determinant of blood flow?The volume of blood within the arteries.
An increase in blood volume leads to an increase in arterial pressure. - 6What are the primary principles of circulation?1. Blood only flows when a pressure gradient exists.
2. Blood flows from an area of high pressure to low pressure (pressure gradient).
3. Blood flow is affected by the resistance of the vasculature.
4. Resistance is composed of the length, radius of the blood vessel and blood viscosity. - 7Blood flow within the circulation can be predicted by what?The pressure gradient.
- 8What is pulse pressure?The strength of the pressure wave as the blood is forced by the left ventricle into the aorta. I.e., The pressure difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures.
- 9What is arterial blood pressure?Arterial blood pressure is the pressure within the arteries. High pressure within the arteries is needed in order for blood to flow.
- 10What is the chief determinant of arterial blood pressure?Arterial blood volume
- 11Mean arterial pressure is defined by which two measure?Cardiac Output (in L/min), and peripheral resistance or resistance.
- 12What is Cardiac output?It is the volume of blood pumped out of a ventricle per MIN.
(resting CO for left ventricle is about 5L/min) - 13How is cardiac output determined?It is heart rate (bpm) multiplied by stroke volume.
- 14What is stroke volume?It is the volume of blood pumped out of each ventricle PER heart beat (vol/b's)
- 15What is the key mechanical determinant of stroke volume?Preload.
- 16What is preload?It refers to the more stretched or longer the heart muscle fibres are at the start of contraction, the stronger the heart will contract.
Also known as Starling's Law - 17What is the primary determinant of preload?The amount of blood volume returned to the heart.
- 18What is afterload?It is the pumping work the heart must do in order to force the blood into the arteries.
The harder the heart has to work (^ Resistance), the lower the stroke volume. - 19What anatomical feature that regulates the heart rate? What physiological processes influence this structure?The sinoatrial node. The main determinants of SA activity is the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. The antagonist relationship between these systems is what determines SA activity. More SNS, ^^ SA activity thus ^^ HR.
- 20What are baroreceptors, where are the main ones, and what cranial nerves do they run through?Baroreceptors are stretch receptors within the walls of arteries, they sense changes to pressure (i.e. BP). They two main baroreceptors are located within the carotid bodies, and the aortic arch. The carotid baroreceptor runs along cranial nerve IX, and the aortic baroreceptor runs along cranial nerve X.
- 21Where is the cardiac control centre located?It is located within the medulla oblongata.
- 22What two main factors contribute to peripheral resistance?Blood viscosity, and arteriole diameter.
- 23What reflex can adjust the diameter of arterioles?The vasomotor pressoreflex
- 24Which control centre does the vasomotor pressoreflex signal to?The vasomotor control centre in the medulla oblongata.
- 25Which control systems do chemoreceptors run through?The vasomotor and cardiac control system. Changes in chemicals within the blood are detected an signals are sent to both centres in the medulla oblongata.
- 26How does the respiratory pump work for venous return?The pump creates a pressure differential between the abdomen and the thorax, which either promotes or reduces venous return.
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- Masters Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards on Basic regulation of circulation and blood pressure, created by Angus Cooper on 12/06/2018.
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- Angus Cooper
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