Flashcards
Chemistry Unit 5-specific Reactions
Cards in this deck (82)
- 1Potassium manganate 1/2 equation\(KMnO_4^-\) + 8 \(H^+\) + 5\(e^-\) --> \(Mn^{2+}\) + 4\(H_2O\)
- 2Ethanedioic acid half equation\(C_2O_4^{2-}\) --> 2\(CO_2\) + 2\(e^-\)
- 3Thiosulphate half equation2\(S_2O_3^{2-}\) --> \(S_4O_6^{2-}\) + 2\(e^-\)
- 4Iodine half equation\(I_2\) + 2\(e^-\) --> 2\(I^-\)
- 5Bleach half equation\(ClO^-\) + 2\(H^+\) + 2\(e^-\) --> \(Cl^-\) + \(H_2O\)
- 6Forming copper (I) iodide solid equation2\(Cu^{2+}\) + 4\(I^-\) --> 2CuI + \(I_2\)
- 7Oxidation of methanol\(CH_3OH\) + \(H_2O\) ---> \(CO_2\) + 6\(H^+\) + 6\(e^-\)
- 8Dichromate breathalyser testadd in with a photo
- 9Combustion of benzene2 benzene + 15\(O_2\)
-->
12\(CO_2\) + 6\(H_2O\) - 10Benzene + 3\(Br_2\) in the light goes to... Name the meachnism1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexabromocyclohexane
Free-radical addition - 11Benzene plus \(Br_2\) in the dark goes to... And name the mechanism and any other reactants or conditionsBromobenzene + HBr
Electrophillic substitution
Needs a halogen carrier \(FeBr_3\) or Fe
Reflux - 12How is a halogen carrier regenerated and from what?\(AlCl_4^-\) + \(H^+\) --> \(AlCl_3\) + HCl
- 13Nitration of benzene reaction and conditionsBenzene w/ conc. nitric and sulpuric acid
Produces nitrobenzene and water
50 degrees - 14What is the name and formula of the electrophile used in nitration of benzene?Nitronium ion
\(NO_2^+\) - 15How is a nitronium ion formed?
- 16Sulfonation of benzene overall reaction, conditions and mechanismBenzene + fuming sulphuric acid
-->
Benzene sulphonic acid + \(H_2O\)
Room temperature
Electrophillic substitution - 17What is fuming sulphuric acid?Sulphuric acid with additional sulphur trioxide in it.
- 18What are 2 types of Friedel-craft's reactions?Alkylation and acylation
- 19Overall reaction for alkylation of benzene and what is the mechanism?R-Cl + benzene
-->
R-benzene + HCl
Electrophillic substitution - 20Overall reaction for acylation of benzene and mechanism?RC=O-Cl + Benzene
-->
phenyl ketone + HCl
Electrophillic substitution - 21What is the name of the electrophile in acylation of benzene?Acylium ion
- 22By what mechanism is poly(phenylethene) produced?Addition polymerisation of phenylethene
- 23What is the mechanism for benzene to cyclohexane and what catalyst is used?Addition
Raney Nickel catalyst - 24Benzene + 3 \(H_2\) --> And at what temperature?Cyclohexane and 150 degrees
- 25Is phenol activating or deactivating?Activating
- 26Phenol + bromine water --> Reaction, mechanism, conditions2, 4, 6-tribromophenol + 3HBr
Multi-electrophillic substitution
No heating needed or halogen carrier - 27What is observed when phenol is reacted with bromine water?The bromine water is decolourised
A white precipitate smelling of antiseptic forms - 28What is TCP and what is it used for?Trichlorophenol
Antiseptic - 29How can you make TCP?Phenol + 3 \(Cl_2\) (aq)
- 30Phenol + (3) dil. nitric A2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol (s) + 3 \(H_2O\)
- 31What reagent/s are used for nitration of phenol?Only dilute nitric acid is needed.
- 32Benzene with potassium manganate does what?It will oxidise any hydrocarbon side chain to an acid group, as well as benzaldehyde.
- 33What does \(NH_2\) do to benzene ring?Activates it
- 34Describe a tetramethylamine ion3 methyl group attached to a central N with a positive charge.
- 35ethylamine + HClethylammonium chloride
- 36What type of salts do amines produce with HCl?Ammonium chloride salts
- 37Amine + acid -->ammonium salt
- 38How many phenylamines are there in a copper complex with water?2
- 39How many methyl amines are involved in a copper complex with water?4
- 40What is a stronger base, a primary alkyl amine or ammonia and why?The primary alkyl amine because the methyl group is electron donating and enhances N's lone pair
- 41Which is a stronger base, phenyl amine or ammonia and why?Ammonia because \(NH_2\) on the benzene donates electrons to the delocalised ring structure which decreases N's lone pair electron density.
- 42What is notable about the sulfonation of benzene?It is reversible
- 43Can phenyl amine form salts? (give details)Yes
Only with strong acids to drive the equilibrium to the right
Forms phenylammonium salts - 44Acyl chloride + amineHCl + N-substituted amide
- 45Chloromethane + methyl amine Mechanism and productsDimethylamine + HCl
Nucleophillic substitution - 46Ethanoyl chloride + phenyl amine...HCl + N-phenylethanamide
- 47When phenol is nitrated what is the ratio of 2:4 nitrophenol?2:1
- 484-aminophenol + ethanoic anhydride And give the mechanismEthanoic acid + paracetamol
- 49Reduction of nitrobenzene overall reactionnitrobenzene + 3 \(H_2\)
--> w/ Sn/HCl
Phenylamine + 2 \(H_2O\) - 50Formation of nitrous acid
- 51Amine + nitrous acid --> Reaction and conditionsAlcohol + \(N_{2(gas)}\) + \(H_2O\)
T<5\(\omicron\) - 52How would you convert an amine into an alcohol?React with nitrous acid below 5\(\omicron\)
- 53Phenyl amine + nitrous acid T > 5\(\omicron\)Phenol + \(N_{2(gas)}\) + \(H_2O\)
- 54Phenyl amine + nitrous acid + HCl T < 5\(\omicron\)benzenediazonium ion + 2 \(H_2O\)
- 55Can you form benzenediazonium ions from aliphatic amines?No, because they are so unstable they decompose even at low temperatures.
- 56Can you form benzenediazonium ions from aromatic amines?Yes
- 57How do you form a benzenediazonium ion? And what by product is produced?Phenylamine + \(HNO_2\) + HCl
2 \(H_2O\) molecules - 58Between what 2 things does a coupling reaction happen?Phenol and benzenediazonium chloride
- 59Conditions for coupling reactionCold & alkaline
- 60benzenediazonium chloride + phenolazobenzene + HCl
- 61Where is the positive charge on a benzenediazonium ion?The inside N
- 62How many bonds are there between the N's of a benzenediazonium chloride?3
- 63How many bonds are there between the N's of an azo dye?2
- 64Acyl chloride + ammoniaAmide + HCl
- 65Polyesters are formed by what type of polymerisation?Condensation
- 66Polyamides are formed by what type of polymerisation?Condensation
- 67Polypeptides are formed by what type of polymerisation?Condensation
- 68What type of polymer is PET?A polyester
- 69What type of polymer is Nylon?A polyamide
- 70What type of polymer is Kevlar?A polyamide
- 71Poly(propenamide) is formed by which type of reaction?Addition
- 72Poly(ethenol) is formed by which type of reaction?Addition polymerisation
- 73Ninhydrin + amino acid -->Ammonia + hydrindatin + aldehydes + \(CO_2\)
- 74How is Ruheman's purple pigment produced?Hydrindatin reacting with ammonia
- 75Is phenol solution acidic or alkaline?Acidic because OH is activating so the OH bond is more polar
- 76Phenol + oxidising agentNo change as phenol is not readily oxidised
- 77How would you add a carbon to a chain?R-X (haloalk) + KCN
Reflux in alkaline sol
RCN + KX - 78How would you add a carbon to aromatic molecules?Freidel-Craft's alkylation
- 79Hofmann's degradation reaction
- 80Hofmann's degradation conditionsHeat
- 81Hunsdieker reaction
- 82Conditions of Hunsdieker reactionReflux in \(CCl_4\)
Information
- Description
- Doesn't include complexes or synthesis prep Only some redox. Mainly organic Note to self : put preparation reactions on a poster.
- Created by
- J000D97
- Views
- 80
- Tags
- Rating