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Cards in this deck (49)
- 1Mediationthe process of converting a cultural object
from one medium to another - 2mechanical recording(having a
machine play music) - 3Percy Aldridge GraingerInterest in English Folk songs and
collecting them to prevent cultural
loss during industrial revolution
• Also used these recordings as
basis for compositions - 4Authenticityperceived closeness to the original
source - 5Walter BenjaminThe Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical
Reproduction, 1935 - 6Steven Feld (b. 1949)PhD in Ethnomusicology and
Anthropology from Indiana University
• Extensive fieldwork with Kaluli people of
Papua New Guinea
• Concerned about modernization and
destruction of “natural” sounds and
musics
• 1991: Releases Voices of the Rainforest,
a constructed record of pre-modern
Kaluli soundscape - 7Turntablismhe art of layering sound and music via
mixing techniques with turntables, soundboards, and
other soundboard equipment
• Emerged in the 1970s and 80s in NYC among Black and
Latine hip-hop musicians
• Aesthetic value in the blending of varied, distinct forms
of music, matching different beats and sound effects to - 8The Blessed MadonnaChicago-based DJ and award-winning
Turntablist
Ex. 2017 set at Lente Kabinet Festival - 9World Beata style of music which emerged in 1980s
which blended various forms of folk music with each other,
or with Western electronic dance music styles
• Connected to the “world music” tradition
• Ex. “Legend” by Bulgarian Voices Angelite, feat. Huun-Huur-
Tu - 10Nationa community of people who do not know each
other personally but can perceive a sense of solidarity
and commitment to each other and recognize each
other as fellow citizens - 11Statea political entity, with a set of laws which govern
an area within set borders, granting rights to its citizens
(people affiliated with the state) - 12Political Scientist Benedict Anderson described nations as“Imagined Communities”
- 13Nationalismwords or actions that are based on a
sense of solidarity and advocate for the empowerment
of a nation - 14Propagandathe spreading of information, media, or
ideas (including music) that promotes a particular
agenda, which may or may not be tied to a nation
• Not always negative, but always coercive - 151868: Emperor Meiji opens Japan up to Western influence • By 1879, Japanese government was encouraging the studying and performance of Western Classical MusicExample: Kōsaku Yamada’s Inno Meiji Symphony
(1921 - 16TurkeyAfter WW1 ended and the Ottoman Empire desired
(creating modern Turkey), the new nation looked to
Europe, rather than Asia, as inspiration
Example: Yunus Emre by Ahmed Adnan Saygun (1943) - 17Official Aesthetic – Socialist RealismNational in Form, Socialist in Content
• If one did not use this style, they would not
receive support
Example: Dmitri Shostakovich’s Song of the
Forests (1949 - 18Semi-Official Aesthetic = Total SerialismUS government encouraged composers in USA
and Western Europe to use advanced,
mathematical methods of composing
Example: Pierre Boulez’s Structures Ia
(1952) - 19Official Musicsstyles or genres that are officially
sanctioned or approved by a government, either by law
or increased artistic funding - 20Unofficial Musicsstyles or genres that governments
actively disapprove of, possibly to the point of trying to
stop them - 21Censorshipthe suppression or removal of something
considered obscene, politically unacceptable, or a threat
to security - 22Paul RobesonBecame interested in acting and singing
(bass voice)
• Active in Harlem Renaissance
Ex. “Joe Hill” - 23The Cultural Revolutiona period intended to
promote uniformity of culture and thought in China
• Enforced by law and through violent means
• Western-style music was rarely allowed, and it had to be
heavily influenced by Chinese values - 24Cui JianFrom a family of musicians in Beijing
• Classically trained trumpet player
Ex. “Nothing to My Name” (1986) - 25Use valuehe way a commodity satisfied a human need
or desire, separating it from other commodities - 26Exchange Valuethe rate at which a commodity can be
exchanged for other commodities, including capital (money) - 27Copyrightthe legal claim to reproduce, publish, sell,
or distribute a work - 28Musical Piracythe act of copying and distributing
music which one does not own the copyright to - 29Public Domain(the copyright
has expired, typically 75 years after creator has died) - 30Lou HarrisonStudied composition and
ethnomusicology with Henry
Cowell - 31Barbara BenaryStudied violin and ethnomusicology
- 32minimalismstyle of music
emerging in 1970s which valued process
over product, spinning out of small musical
ideas over long periods of time - 33BraidMimics the interlocking texture
of gamelan, but construction is
all minimalism - 34Norah JonesAmerican singer-
songwriter and pianist
Blend of country, blues,
pop, and folk - 35Anoushka ShankarBritish-American sitar
player
Prodigy, desires to make
Hindustani music relevant
to new generation - 36International CopyrightAlso, numerous examples of musical artists from the global
south having their copyright protections ignored
• Song rights distributed to Western artists without being
compensated - 37BollywoodPortmanteau of Bombay and Hollywood
• Largest film industry in India - 38Lata MangeshkarMost famous Bollywood playback
singer
• Began singing in the 1940s for
Bollywood films - 39Copyright in BollywoodEveryone knows they are using playback singers, so
there is no set “owner” of the song (the one who
recorded it or the one acting it) - 40Localization:the adaptation of a musical style to meet
the needs of a people as they settle in a new location - 41Postcoloniala worldview that foregrounds the independence
of nations and their understanding and ability to deal with
colonialism’s aftereffects - 42Hyo-Shin Na (b. 1959)Example 1: Ten Thousand Ugly Ink Blots
• String quartet, part of new music movement
• Indebted to Modernist philosophy
Returns to Korea to learn more about
Korean and Asian music styles - 43Traditional Music in KoreaP’ungmul: dominant style of traditional music in Korea
- 44Queen LatifahBegins rapping as a teenager in
Newark, NJ
• Emergence of strong political
consciousness in college - 45Pan-Africanismpolitical movement from mid-20th
century, seeking political unity between Afro-Diasporic
communities across the world - 46Afro-Futurismartistic movement linking Pan-Africanism
with Science fiction, alternate vision of the world - 47SoultanaStage name of Youssra Oakuf
• Moroccan rap artis - 48Riz AhmedBritish-Pakistani actor and rapper
- 49—
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- 12th grade Music Studies Flashcards on Study Guide, created by Kiara Lee on 10/12/2024.
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- Kiara Lee
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