Flashcards
6.) Morphology
Cards in this deck (16)
- 1Definition Phoneme vs. MorphemePhoneme: smallest meaning-distinguishing unit
-> changes the meaning, but does not carry meaning itself
Morpheme: smallest meaningful unit
-> carries its own meaning (eg. plural) - 2Morphology Dogs, Passed, Undo, Rewriting, House Analyse into meaningful units!Dogs: Dog – s
• Passed: Pass – ed
• Undo: Un – do
• Rewriting: Re – writ(e) – ing
• House: House - 3We can distinguish between ____ and ____ words.Polymorphemic and Monomorphemic
- 4• Polymorphemic wordsi.e. words with more than one morpheme (e.g. revisited)
- 5• Monomorphemic wordsi.e. words which consist of a single morpheme (e.g. cat)
- 6Criteria for describing morphemes.According to:
1) Autonomy
2) Function / meaning
3) Position - 7AutonomyCan the morpheme stand alone as a word?
Free morphemes: Yes
Can appear on their own without any other morphemes attached to them
e.g. ‘dog’, ‘house’, ‘fear’
Bound morphemes: No
Can only appear in combination with other morphemes e.g. ‘-ful’ (beautiful), ‘re-’ (revisit), ‘-s’ (bottles) - 8Function/meaningIs the morpheme 'lexical' or 'grammatical'?
- 9Lexical morpheme• If free morpheme: content words
• If bound morpheme: derivational morpheme
• Establish relation between the word and the world
• Nouns, adjectives, verbs, negation...
• Open classesnew words can be created quite easily - 10Grammatical morpheme• If free morpheme: function words
• If bound morpheme: inflectional morpheme
• Establish relation with other parts of the sentence
• Prepositions, articles, plural, tense...
• Closed classesnew words cannot be created as easily or spontaneously - 11Open vs. Closed classOpen classes
• Nouns
• Verbs
• Adjectives • Adverbs
Closed classes
• Articles
• Prepositions
• Subordinators / Coordinators • Pronouns
• Auxiliary verbs - 123.) position(bound morphemes only)
Does it come at the beginning or the end of the word?
Prefix: Beginning
Must be a lexical morpheme
e.g. ‘revisit’, ‘preview’, ‘underestimate’
Suffix: End
Can be lexical or grammatical
e.g. ‘worked’, ‘hours’, ‘owner’, ‘greatness’ - 13To summarise: Autonomy Function PositionAutonomy: Free (lexeme) or bound (affix)
Function: Lexical (content/derivational) or grammatical (function/inflectional)
Position (bound morphemes only): Prefix or suffix - 14‘Unique’ morphemes• Also known as ‘cranberry’ morphemes
• A type of bound morpheme that cannot be assigned a meaning nor a grammatical function, but nonetheless serves to distinguish one word from the other
• E.g. cranberry, cobweb, twilight
• These morphemes no longer have a meaning of their own, but can be traced back (e.g. cob in cobweb comes from the Middle English coppe, meaning spider) - 15how is a free morpheme also called? how is a bound morpheme also called?free morpheme: lexeme
bound morpheme: affix - 16What do we ask ourselves when we want to determine if lexeme or affix?Can the morpheme stand alone as a word in its own right?
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- Linguistics (Morphology) Flashcards on 6.) Morphology, created by Lisza Neumeier on 29/10/2016.
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- Lisza Neumeier · Oct 2016
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- Apr 6, 2018
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