Flashcards
Some useful definitions
Cards in this deck (21)
- 1What is linguistics?study of language
- 2What is phonetics?study of the human sound system
- 3AllophonesAllophones of a phoneme are phones that
1.) do not distinguish meaning
2.) are phonetically similar (but not the same) - 4What is suprasegmental phonology?• The combination of segments into larger units, such as syllables
/lɪŋˈgwɪstɪks/
• Phonological properties of longer stretches of speech (intonation, stress, rhythm, tone...) - 5What are Syllables?• A phonological unit above the phoneme
• One could say: the smallest rhythmic unit of speech
Not very specific...
• Very difficult to define what a syllable actually is, even though pretty much all speakers of a language will have a feeling for it - 6What is morphology?The study of the shape and internal structure of words.
- 7Phonology-The study of abstract categories that organise the sound system of a language
-Function and (mental) organisation of the sound inventory
-It is concerned with the function of specific sounds - 8What is a sign?Combination of form and meaning
- 9Criteria for describing morphemes.According to:
1) Autonomy
2) Function / meaning
3) Position - 10morphs definitionsMorph: A meaningful and/or functionally relevant element of an utterance
e.g. [z] in cats [kætz] - 11Allomorphs:Morphs which have been classified as representations
of a specific morpheme.
e.g. [z], [s], [ɪz], [ɹən] etc for {plural} - 12Allomorphy conditioning What types of conditioning are there? (i.e. what determines which allomorph we produce?)• Phonological conditioning – dependent on the neighbouring sounds
• Lexical conditioning – dependent on the word itself as a whole
• Morphological conditioning – dependent on the attached morphemes - 134 word formation processes• Compounding
• Affixation
• Conversion
• Shortenings - 14Shortenings What? 4 types• Linguistic material is deleted as opposed to added
• There is no change in word-class or meaning (exception: back-formation)
4 types:
• Clippings
• Blends
• Abbreviations
• Back-formation - 15• Criteria for describing consonants:• Place of articulation
• Manner of articulation
• Voicing - 16Criteria for describing vowels:• Height of tongue (closeness)
• Position in mouth / part of tongue (frontness)
• Position of lips (rounding)
• Length - 17What is language typology?The study and classification of language according to their structural and functional features.
- 18What is a construction?a stored pairing of form and meaning
- 19What are constituents?Structural units that can make up a larger unit
--> building blocks of language - 20Cognitive Approach language as? focus of attention?language as reflection of conceptualisation
focus of attention: meaning - 21Syntactic form/class/category is defined by?Morphological, Semantic, Syntactic criteria
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- Linguistics Flashcards on Some useful definitions, created by Lisza Neumeier on 18/11/2016.
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- Lisza Neumeier
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