Flashcards
Natural Hazards Tectonic Hazards
Cards in this deck (43)
- 1Crustthe outer layer of the earth.
- 2Platea section of the earth’s crust.
- 3Plate marginthe boundary where two plates meet.
- 4Mantlethe dense, mostly solid layer of the earth between the outer core and the crust.
- 5Convection currentsthe circular currents of heat in the mantle.
- 6Destructive plate margina plate margin where two plates are moving towards each other resulting in one plate sinking beneath the other.
- 7Constructive plate margina plate margin where two plates are moving apart.
- 8Continental platea tectonic plate made of low density continental rock that will not sink under another plate.
- 9Oceanic platea tectonic plate made of dense iron- rich rock that forms the ocean floor.
- 10Subductionwhen oceanic crust sinks under continental crust at a destructive margin.
- 11Collisionwhen two plates of continental crust meet ‘head on’ and buckle.
- 12Volcanoan opening in the earth’s crust through which molten lava, ash and gases are ejected.
- 13Conservative plate margina plate margin where two plates are sliding alongside each other.
- 14Earthquakea sudden and often violent shift in the rocks forming the earth’s crust, which is felt at the surface.
- 15Fold mountainslarge mountain ranges where rock layers have been crumpled as they have been forced together.
- 16Ocean trenchesdeep sections of the ocean, usually where an oceanic plate is sinking below a continental plate.
- 17Composite volcanoa steep-sided volcano that is made up of a variety of materials, such as lava and ash.
- 18Shield volcanoa broad volcano that is mostly made up of lava.
- 19Subsistencefarming to provide food and other resources for the farmer’s own family.
- 20Terracessteps cut into hillsides to create areas of flat land.
- 21Irrigationartificial watering of the land.
- 22Hydroelectric powerthe use of flowing water to turn turbines to generate electricity.
- 23Natural hazardan event over which people have little control, which threatens people’s
lives and possessions. This is different from a natural event as volcanoes can erupt without being a hazard. - 24Primary effectsthe immediate effects of the eruption, caused directly by it.
- 25Secondary effectsthe after- effects that occur as an indirect effect of the eruption on a longer timescale.
- 26Aidmoney, food, training and technology given by richer countries to poorer ones, either to help with an emergency or for long-term development.
- 27Immediate responseshow people react during a disaster and straight afterwards.
- 28Long-term responseslater reactions that happen in the weeks, months and years after the event.
- 29Supervolcanoa mega colossal volcano that erupts at least 1,000 km3 of material.
- 30Calderathe depression of the supervolcano marking the collapsed magma chamber.
- 31Geothermalwater that is heated beneath the ground, which comes to the surface in a variety of ways.
- 32Geysera geothermal feature in which water erupts into the air under pressure.
- 33Hot spota section of the earth’s crust where plumes of magma rise, weakening the crust. These are away from plate boundaries.
- 34Focusthe point in the earth’s crust where the earthquake begins.
- 35Richter scalea scale ranging from 0 to 10 used for measuring earthquakes, based on scientific recordings of the amount of movement.
- 36Epicentrethe point at the earth’s surface directly above the focus.
- 37Shock wavesseismic waves generated by an earthquake that pass through the earth’s crust.
- 38Mercalli scalea means of measuring earthquakes by describing and comparing the damage done, on a scale of I to XII.
- 39The three Ps:the collective term for prediction, protection and preparation.
- 40Predictionattempts to forecast an event – where and when it will happen – based on current knowledge.
- 41Protectionconstructing buildings so that they are safe to live in and will not collapse.
- 42Preparationorganising activities and drills so that people know what to do if an earthquake happens.
- 43Tsunamia special type of wave where an event, often an earthquake, moves the entire depth of the water above it.
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- GCSE and A Level AQA A GCSE Physical Paper 1 (1 The Restless Earth) Flashcards on Natural Hazards Tectonic Hazards, created by John Ditchburn on 10/05/2014.
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- John Ditchburn
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