Proportional Representation

Start with the mind maps

The mind map Proportional Systems introduces the Single Transferable Vote, candidate lists in multi-member constituencies and voting in order of preference. It also mentions where the system has been used. Start there for an overview of the terms used across the page.

Next, use Proportional systems to look at how a list system works, where it is used, and its advantages and disadvantages. The similarly named maps cover related material, so they can be useful to compare rather than treat as a single resource.

Move from an overview to practice

The Proportional Representation mind map includes the Single Transferable Vote and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Another mind map covers preference ballots and the Droop formula. After looking at these, try the political science quiz, which includes questions on list systems and the Hare and Droop quotas.

Use a mind map alongside the quiz to check the terms you recognize and find points to study again. The map can help organize the material, while the quiz gives you questions to work through. You can return to the relevant map after a question to compare your understanding with what it shows.

Connect the arguments

Introducing Proportional Representation covers fairness, participation, representation and coalitions. A separate mind map considers arguments for and against using a proportional system in general elections. The notes on proportional and hybrid systems include proportionality, multi-party systems, coalition governments and constituency links.

Together, these resources connect the topic to the Electoral Systems unit in Political science. They offer ways to study how systems work as well as arguments about their effects. Choose a mind map and try a quiz alongside it.