Test
Cardiovascular system
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Preguntas del test (44)
1Systemic and pulmonary circuits are in series
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
2Systemic circuits lie in parallel with each other
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
3Order of blood flow: left ventricle -> [blank_start]systemic circuit[blank_end] -> [blank_start]right atrium[blank_end] -> [blank_start]right ventricle[blank_end] -> [blank_start]pulmonary circuit[blank_end] -> [blank_start]left atrium[blank_end] -> ...
- Asystemic circuit
- Bright atrium
- Cright ventricle
- Dpulmonary circuit
- Eleft atrium
4Orientation of heart within the thorax
- ASits on midline
- BSits to the left
- CRotated to the right
- DRotated to the left
- ETilted posteriorly
- FTilted anteriorly
5Right atrium receives from:
- ASuperior vena cava (everything below the diaphragm)
- BSuperior vena cava (everything above the diaphragm)
- CPulmonary veins
- DCoronary sinus
- EInferior vena cava (everything below the diaphragm)
- FInferior vena cava (everything above the diaphragm)
6Label the layers of the pericardium and the heart wall
- Afibrous pericardium
- Bparietal layer of serous pericardium
- Cpericardial cavity
- Depicardium
- Emyocardium
- Fendocardium
7Endocardium consists of:
- ASquamous enothelium
- BLoose irregular fibrous connective tissue
- CSmall blood vessels
- DPurkinje fibres
- EMuscle
- FArteries and veins
- GAdipose tissue
- HVisceral (serous) pericardium
- IParietal fibrous pericardium
- JParietal (serous) pericardium
8Myocardium consists of:
- ALoose irregular fibrous connective tissue
- BSmall blood vessels
- CPurkinje fibres
- DCardiomyocytes
- EArteries and veins
- FSquamous endothelium
- GAdipose tissue
- HVisceral (serous) pericardium
- IParietal fibrous pericardium
- JParietal (serous) pericardium
9Epicardium consists of:
- Asquamous endothelium
- Bloose irregular fibrous connective tissue
- Csmall blood vessels
- DPurkinje fibres
- Earteries and veins
- Fadipose tissue
- Gvisceral (serous) pericardium
- Hparietal fibrous pericardium
- Iparietal (serous) pericardium
- Jpericardial cavity
10Pericardium consists of:
- Asquamous endothelium
- Bloose irregular fibrous connective tissue
- Csmall blood vessels
- Dpurkinje fibres
- Eadipose tissue
- Fparietal fibrous pericardium
- Gvisceral (serous) pericardium
- Hparietal (serous) pericardium
- Ipericardial cavity
- Jcardiomyocytes
11During diastole:
- AAV valves are open
- BAv valves are closed
- CSL valves are pushed open
- DSL valves close
12During systole:
- AAV valves are open
- BAV valves are closed
- CSL valves are pushed open
- DSL valves are closed
13Label the coronary arteries
- Aright coronary artery
- Bcircumflex artery
- Canterior interventricular artery
- Dleft coronary artery
14Label the coronary veins
- Agreat cardiac vein
- Bmiddle cardiac vein
- Csmall cardiac vein
- Dcoronary sinus
15Left ventricular myocardium is ~3 times thicker than that of the right ventricle because more force is required to pump blood through the pulmonary system than the systemic system
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
16Cardiac muscle features:
- Ashort, fat, irregularly branched cells
- BLong, cylindrical, fibre-like cells
- CPeripherally located multiple nuclei
- DCentrally located single nucleus
- EIntercalated discs
- FOrganelles located at poled of nucleus
- GOrganelles peripherally located
17Purkinje cell features:
- ACentrally located nucleus
- BPeripherally located nucleus
- CMore gap junctions than contractile cardiac muscle
- DLess gap junctions than cardiac muscle
18Components of tunica intima:
- Aendothelium
- Bloose fibrous connective tissue
- Cinternal elastic lamina
- Dsmooth muscle
- Elymphatics
- Fautonomic nerves
- Gvasa vasorum
19Components of tunic media:
- Aendothelium
- Bloose fibrous connective tissue
- Cinternal elastic lamina
- Dsmooth muscle
- Elymphatics
- Fautonomic nerves
- Gvasa vasorum
20Components of tunica externa (adventitia)
- Aendothelium
- Bloose fibrous connective tissue
- Cinternal elastic lamina
- Dsmooth muscle
- Elymphatics
- Fautonomic nerves
- Gvasa vasorum
21The thickest layer of veins is the adventitia
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
22Order of blood flow: arteries -> [blank_start]arterioles[blank_end] -> [blank_start]capillaries[blank_end] -> [blank_start]venules[blank_end] -> [blank_start]veins[blank_end]
- Aarterioles
- Bcapillaries
- Cvenules
- Dveins
23Capillaries have much greater CSA than arterioles
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
24Fenestrated capillaries have small openings in the endothelium and basal lamina
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
25Sinusoidal capillaries have large openings in the endothelium and basal lamina
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
26Label the regional lymph nodes
- Acervical
- Baxillary
- Cinguinal
27Fill in the steps of contraction and relaxation:
1. [blank_start]Increased Ca2+ levels in the cytosol[blank_end] initiates [blank_start]further release of Ca2+ from sarcolemma[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Actin binding site revealed[blank_end], [blank_start]cross bridge formation[blank_end]
3. Actin and myosin filaments [blank_start]slide relative to each other[blank_end] and [blank_start]shorten sacomere, generating force[blank_end]
4. [blank_start]ATP binds myosin[blank_end], [blank_start]cystolic Ca2+ levels decrease[blank_end], Ca2+ [blank_start]taken back up by sarcoplamsic reticulum[blank_end]5. [blank_start]Cross-bridges release[blank_end], [blank_start]actin and myosin unbind[blank_end]- AIncreased Ca2+ levels in the cytosol
- Bfurther release of Ca2+ from sarcolemma
- CActin binding site revealed
- Dcross bridge formation
- Eslide relative to each other
- Fshorten sacomere, generating force
- GATP binds myosin
- Hcystolic Ca2+ levels decrease
- Itaken back up by sarcoplamsic reticulum
- JCross-bridges release
- Kactin and myosin unbind
28Every myocyte contracts and relaxes during every heart beat
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
29Label the steps of the cardiac cycle
- Aatrial systole
- Bisovolumetric ventricular contraction
- Csystole
- Dejection
- Eisovolumetric ventricular relaxation
- Fdiastole
- Gpassive ventricular filling
30Order the phases of the cardiac cycle:
1. [blank_start]Atrial systole[blank_end] - AV open, SL closed - [blank_start]push blood into ventricles[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Isovolumetric ventricular contraction[blank_end] - [blank_start]AV closed, SL closed[blank_end] - [blank_start]blood volume isn't changing[blank_end], [blank_start]ventricle pressure increases[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]Ejection[blank_end] - [blank_start]AV closed, SL open[blank_end] - blood rushes from ventricles into [blank_start]aorta and pulmonary arteries[blank_end]
4. [blank_start]Isovolumetric ventricular relaxation[blank_end] - AV closed, SL closed - [blank_start]atria refill with blood[blank_end], [blank_start]ventricular pressure decreases[blank_end]
5. [blank_start]Passive ventricular filling[blank_end] - [blank_start]AV open, SL closed[blank_end] - atria refill, blood moves into [blank_start]ventricles[blank_end]- AAtrial systole
- Bpush blood into ventricles
- CIsovolumetric ventricular contraction
- DAV closed, SL closed
- Eblood volume isn't changing
- Fventricle pressure increases
- GEjection
- HAV closed, SL open
- Iaorta and pulmonary arteries
- JIsovolumetric ventricular relaxation
- KAV open, SL closed
- Latria refill with blood
- Mventricular pressure decreases
- NPassive ventricular filling
- Oventricles
31Mean blood pressure is halfway between the highest blood pressure and the lowest blood pressure
- AVerdadero
- BFalso
32Label the main parts of the electrical conduction pathway
- Aatrioventricular node
- Bsinoatrial node
- Cinteratrial bundle
- DAV bundle/bundle of His
- EPurkinje fibres
33Electrical conduction pathway:
1. [blank_start]Pacemaker (SA node) starts signal[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Moves into right and left atrium[blank_end] simultaneously because of [blank_start]interatrial bundle[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]Moves into AV node[blank_end] which pauses the signal until [blank_start]the atria have contracted[blank_end]
4. [blank_start]Released down the septum[blank_end] into [blank_start]the bundles of His[blank_end]
5. From bottom, works back up through the [blank_start]Purkinje fibres[blank_end] causing [blank_start]ventricles to contract[blank_end]- APacemaker (SA node) starts signal
- BMoves into right and left atrium
- Cinteratrial bundle
- DMoves into AV node
- Ethe atria have contracted
- FReleased down the septum
- Gthe bundles of His
- HPurkinje fibres
- Iventricles to contract
34Events related to the P wave:
- Aatrial depolarisation and contraction
- Bpriming of the ventricles
- Cventricular depolarisation and contraction
- Drise in ventricular pressure
- Eejection of blood
- Ffall in ventricular volume
- Grise in aortic pressure
- Hventricular repolarisation and relaxation
- Ifall in ventricular pressure
- Jatrioventricular valves open
35Events related to the QRS complex:
- Aatrial depolarisation and contraction
- Bpriming of the ventricles
- Cventricular depolarisation and contraction
- Drise in ventricular pressure
- Eejection of blood
- Ffall in ventricular volume
- Grise in aortic pressure
- Hventricular repolarisation and relaxation
- Ifal in ventricular pressure
- JAV valves open
36Events associated with T wave:
- Aatrial depolarisation and contraction
- Bpriming of the ventricles
- Cventricular depolarisation and contraction
- Drise in ventricular pressure
- Eejection of blood
- Ffall in ventricular volume
- Gventricular repolarisation and relaxation
- Hfall in ventricular pressure
- IAV valves open
- Jfilling of ventricles to occur
37Control of cardiac output:
Parasympathetic system acts as a [blank_start]brake[blank_end]. Signal from brain stem through [blank_start]vagus nerve[blank_end] to [blank_start]SA and AV nodes[blank_end] to [blank_start]build more of a pause into AV node[blank_end], thus [blank_start]reducing heart rate[blank_end]
Sympathetic system acts as an [blank_start]accelerator[blank_end]. Signal from brainstem through [blank_start]spinal cord[blank_end] and [blank_start]sympathetic chain ganglion[blank_end] to [blank_start]SA, AV nodes and ventricular walls[blank_end] to [blank_start]decrease pause period[blank_end], thus i[blank_start]ncreasing heart rate[blank_end]. Increases [blank_start]Ca release[blank_end], thus [blank_start]increasing stroke volume[blank_end]- Abrake
- Baccelerator
- Cvagus nerve
- Dspinal cord
- Esympathetic chain ganglion
- FSA and AV nodes
- GSA, AV nodes and ventricular walls
- Hbuild more of a pause into AV node
- Idecrease pause period
- Jreducing heart rate
- Kncreasing heart rate
- LCa release
- Mincreasing stroke volume
38During exercise blood flow increases to...
- Amuscles
- Bheart
- Cskin
- DGI tract
- Ekidneys
- Fbrain
39During exercise there is decreased blood flow to...
- Amuscles
- Bheart
- Cskin
- DGI tract
- Ekidneys
- Fbrain
40During exercise there is constant blood flow to...
- Amuscles
- Bheart
- Cskin
- DGI tract
- Ekidneys
- Fbrain
41Stroke volume can be increased by Starling's effect and by the sympathetic response:
- Sympathetic response:
[blank_start]Increase Ca2+[blank_end]
[blank_start]End diastolic volume is unchanged[blank_end]
[blank_start]End systolic volume decreases[blank_end]
- Starling's effect:
[blank_start]Increase venous return[blank_end]
[blank_start]End diastolic volume increases[blank_end]
[blank_start]End systolic volume is unchanged[blank_end]
- Sympathetic response + Starling effect
[blank_start]Increase Ca2+ and venous return[blank_end]
End diastolic volume [blank_start]increases significantly[blank_end]
End systolic volume increases significantly- AIncrease Ca2+
- BEnd diastolic volume is unchanged
- CEnd systolic volume decreases
- DIncrease venous return
- EEnd diastolic volume increases
- FEnd systolic volume is unchanged
- GIncrease Ca2+ and venous return
- Hincreases significantly
42Arterial pathways:
Aortic arch -> [blank_start]subclavian artery[blank_end] -> [blank_start]brachial artery[blank_end] -> [blank_start]radial artery[blank_end] -> [blank_start]deep/superficial palmar arch[blank_end] -> digital arteries
Aortic arch -> [blank_start]common iliac artery[blank_end] -> [blank_start]femoral artery[blank_end] -> [blank_start]posterior tibial artery[blank_end] -> [blank_start]arcuate artery[blank_end] -> metatarsal arteries- Asubclavian artery
- Bbrachial artery
- Cradial artery
- Ddeep/superficial palmar arch
- Ecommon iliac artery
- Ffemoral artery
- Gposterior tibial artery
- Harcuate artery
43Venous pathways:
Superior vena cava -> [blank_start]subclavian vein[blank_end] -> [blank_start]axillary vein or cephalic vein[blank_end] -> [blank_start]basilic vein[blank_end] -> [blank_start]digital veins[blank_end]
Inferior vena cava -> [blank_start]common iliac vein[blank_end] -> [blank_start]femoral vein or great saphenous vein[blank_end] -> [blank_start]small saphenous vein[blank_end] -> [blank_start]posterior tibial vein[blank_end] -> digital veins- Asubclavian vein
- Baxillary vein or cephalic vein
- Cbasilic vein
- Ddigital veins
- Ecommon iliac vein
- Ffemoral vein or great saphenous vein
- Gsmall saphenous vein
- Hposterior tibial vein
44Baroreflex action during full body tilt:
Stroke volume decreases because of [blank_start]decreased venous return[blank_end].
Cardiac output decreases slightly because of [blank_start]decreased stroke volume[blank_end].
Heart rate increases to [blank_start]maintain cardiac output[blank_end].
Mean arterial pressure maintained because [blank_start]vascular resistance increases[blank_end].- Adecreased venous return
- Bdecreased stroke volume
- Cmaintain cardiac output
- Dvascular resistance increases
- Evascular resistance decreases
- Fincreased venous return
- Gincreased stroke volume
- Hincrease cardiac output
Información
- Descripción
- Test sobre Cardiovascular system, creado por Hannah Gordon el 13/10/2017.
- Autor
- Hannah Gordon
- Idioma
- English
- Visitas
- 2
- Valoración
- Aún sin valoraciones Valora este test