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approaches - learning approach - behaviourism
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- 1what is the behaviourist approach?Concerned with observable and measurable behaviour.
- 2What type of study did behaviouists use?Controlled lab
- 3Explain Pavlov's researchClassical conditioning - conditioning dogs to salivate when a bell rings.
Before conditioning : UCS - food UCR - salivation NS - bell
during conditioning: NS+UCS = bell and food appear at same time
after conditioning: CS - bell CR - salivation
shows how a neutral stimulus can come to elicit a new learnt response through association. - 4Explain Skinner's researchOperant conditioning. an active process whereby humans operate on their environment, shaped by consequences.
Rats in cages (skinners boxes)
when a rat activated a lever it was rewarded with food
a desirable consequence led to repetition
if pressing the lever meant an electric shock, they would not press the lever in order to avoid the pain. - 5positive reinforcementreceiving an award when behaviour is performed
- 6negative reinforcementwhen producing a behaviour that avoids something unpleasant
- 7punishmentan unpleasant consequence of behaviour
- 8Strengths of behaviourismgave psychology scientific credibility.
laws have real life application - principles of conditioning (eg prisons) - 9limitations of behaviourismportrays a mechanistic view - machine-like responders to the environment whereas other approaches like SLT and Cognitive place emphasis on mental events that occur during learning.
a form of environmental determinism through experiences and ignores free will.
animal ethics - cruel, may change their natural behaviour
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- A level (Approaches to Psychology - yr 13) Psychology Fichas sobre approaches - learning approach - behaviourism, creado por Sophie Greenslade el 04/12/2018.
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- Sophie Greenslade
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