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Astronomy

Kymmy C. Inglés 140 fichas

The eccentricity of Earth’s orbit around the Sun is nearly zero. Which of the planet orbits is least like Earth’s orbit?

Fichas del conjunto (140)

  1. 1Which of the following is not a form of light?-radio waves
    -microwaves
    -X-rays
  2. 2If your mass is 60 kg on Earth, what would your mass be on the Moon?-60 kg
  3. 3A star with planets orbiting in a plane that is not face-on to our line-of-sight exhibit a Doppler effect due to ________.the planet gravitationally tugging the star.
  4. 4Which of the following is the type of spectrum you would observe coming from the Sun?Absorption spectrum
  5. 5Which object is likely to be the hottest? The object whose light spectrum is brightest in the:a) infrared
    b) ultraviolet
    c) visible light
    d) X-rays
  6. 6Which of the planets shown would experience the greatest change in speed throughout its orbit?Planet BWhich of the planets shown would experience the greatest change in speed throughout its orbit?
  7. 7The eccentricity of Earth’s orbit around the Sun is nearly zero. Which of the planet orbits is least like Earth’s orbit?Planet BThe eccentricity of Earth’s orbit around the Sun is nearly zero. Which of the planet orbits is least like Earth’s orbit?
  8. 8If one object has a large redshift and another object has a small redshift, what can we conclude about these two objects?The one with the large redshift is moving away from us faster than the one with the small redshift.
  9. 9Which of these quantities is always the same for all objects on Earth?Their acceleration due to gravity.
  10. 10We can see each other in the classroom right now because wereflect visible light
  11. 11During which segment of the planet’s orbit would the planet move with the greatest speed?Segment CDuring which segment of the planet’s orbit would the planet move with the greatest speed?
  12. 12During how many segments of the planet’s orbit (A,B,C, and D) would the planet be slowing down the entire time?Only during one of the portions shown.During how many segments of the planet’s orbit (A,B,C, and D) would the planet be slowing down the entire time?
  13. 13The spectra of most galaxies show redshifts. This means that their spectral lineshave wavelengths that are longer than normal.
  14. 14A bright star is moving away from Earth. Which of the choices best completes the following statements describing the spectrum of this star? "A(n) _______________ spectrum that is _______________ relative to an not moving star."Absorption; red-shifted
  15. 15How are wavelength, frequency, and energy related for photons of light?Longer wavelength means lower frequency and lower energy.
  16. 16Which of the following is an example in which you are traveling at constant speed but at constant velocity?driving around in a circle at exactly 100 km/hr
  17. 17If two objects with different masses experience the same force thenThe more massive object will accelerate less
  18. 18Grass appears green becauseit reflects green light and absorbs other colors.
  19. 19Which star would be at rest?Star DWhich star would be at rest?
  20. 20Of the stars that are moving, which is moving with the fastest speed?Star BOf the stars that are moving, which is moving with the fastest speed?
  21. 21Which of the following would be true about comparing gamma rays and radio waves?The radio waves would have a longer wavelength and travel the same speed as gamma rays.
  22. 22Which of the following statements about thermal radiation is always true?A hot object emits more radiation per unit surface area than a cool object.
  23. 23At which position would the spacecraft feel the least gravitational force due to the Earth?At position CAt which position would the spacecraft feel the least gravitational force due to the Earth?
  24. 24At which position would the spacecraft feel the greatest gravitational force due to the Moon?At position CAt which position would the spacecraft feel the greatest gravitational force due to the Moon?
  25. 25Suppose an object is moving in a straight line at 50 miles/hr. According to Newton's first law of motion, the object willcontinue to move in the same way until it is acted upon by a force.
  26. 26From lowest energy to highest energy, which of the following correctly orders the different categories of electromagnetic radiation?radio, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X rays, gamma rays
  27. 27We can learn a lot about the properties of a star by studying its spectrum. Which one of the following statements is true?We can identify chemical elements present in the star by recognizing patterns of spectral lines that correspond to particular chemicals.
  28. 28Everything looks red through a red filter becausethe filter transmits red light and absorbs other colors.
  29. 29What happens to the light from a star that is missing in an absorption spectrum?It is absorbed by atoms in the star’s relatively cool, low density atmosphere.
  30. 30You observe a distant galaxy. You find that a spectral line normally found in the visible part of the spectrum is shifted toward the infrared. What do you conclude?The galaxy is moving away from you.
  31. 31Which of the following is the correct ranking for the gravitational force that asteroids A and C experience?C greater than AWhich of the following is the correct ranking for the gravitational force that asteroids A and C experience?
  32. 32Which of the following correctly describes how the gravitational force exerted by asteroid A on asteroid D compares to the gravitational force exerted by asteroid B on asteroid E.The force of A on D is equal to the force B on E.
  33. 33Which asteroid would have a larger acceleration than its companion asteroid?Asteroid B
  34. 34According to the universal law of gravitation, if you triple the distance between two objects, then the gravitational force between them will ______.9 times smaller
  35. 35Which of the following, if we could do them, would cause the gravitational force on the Moon by the Earth to increase by the largest amount?Move the moon two times closer to Earth.
  36. 36What happens to the stars core after it reaches the planetary nebula stage?Becomes white dwarf
  37. 37What are the possible sequences of the life stages of a high mass star?Protostar, Main sequence, Red giant, Supernova, Neutron star.
  38. 38Two stars with about the same mass are found to have transiting planets with similar semi-major axes. Star 1 exhibits a Doppler shift twice as large as Star 2. What can we determine about these two systems?The planet around Star 1 is more massive than the planet around Star 2.
  39. 39How old is the Sun?4.5 years old
  40. 40Which planet has the highest average surface temperature, and why?Venus, because of its dense carbon dioxide atmosphere.
  41. 41Carbon fusion occur in high-mass stars but not in low-mass stars because ________.the cores of low-mass stars never get hot enough for carbon fusion
  42. 42What is the common trait of all main sequence stars?They generate energy through hydrogen fusion in their core.
  43. 43Which of the following sequences correctly describes the stages of life for a one solar mass star?protostar, main-sequence, red giant, white dwarf
  44. 44What is an "extrasolar planet"?a planet that orbits a star that is not our own Sun
  45. 45What is the heaviest element produced in the core of a high-mass star?Iron
  46. 46Which of the following best describes why the Sun emits most of its energy in the form of visible light?Like all objects, the Sun emits thermal radiation with a spectrum that depends on its temperature, and the Sun's surface temperature is just right for emitting mostly visible light.
  47. 47What two items on the list below are in balance in what we call energy balance?-the energy released into space
    -the energy produced by fusion
  48. 48Which of the following is closest in mass to a white dwarf?Sun
  49. 49Indirect detection of an extrasolar planet means ________.observing the planet's effect on its host star
  50. 50Direct detection of an extrasolar planet means ________.acquiring images or spectra of the planet
  51. 51What is the heaviest element produced in the core of a low mass star?Carbon
  52. 52Imagine that our Sun were magically and suddenly replaced by a black hole of the same mass (1 solar mass). What would happen to Earth in its orbit?Nothing—Earth's orbit would remain the same.
  53. 53What is a black hole?a region of space resulting from the collapse of a star
  54. 54A typical neutron star is more massive than our Sun and about the size (radius) of _________.A small city
  55. 55What do we mean when we say that the sun is in gravitational equilibrium?There is a balance within the sun between the outward push of pressure and inward pull of gravity.
  56. 56What happens when a star exhausts its core hydrogen supply?its core contracts, but its outer layers expand and the star becomes bigger and brighter
  57. 57What is the heaviest element produced in the core of a low mass star?Silicon
  58. 58In what stage does a high-mass star spend most of its life?main-sequence star
  59. 59What must be true about the orbit of a planet discovered by the transit method?as seen from earth, the planet's orbit must be nearly parallel to our line of sight
  60. 60After a massive-star supernova, what is left behind?either a neutron star or a black hole
  61. 61What is a planetary nebula?the ejected envelope, often bipolar, of a red giant surrounding a stellar core remnant
  62. 62Why is Europa considered a good candidate for the possible existence of life?Strong evidence suggests that it has a deep, subsurface ocean of liquid water.
  63. 63Which of the following is closest mass to white dwarf? a)truck b)earth c)Jupiter d)Moon e)Sune) Sun
  64. 64Main sequence stars like our Sun, obtain their energy to shineby converting hydrogen to helium
  65. 65What would you be most likely to find if you returned to the solar system in 10.0 billion years?a white dwarf
  66. 66A star with planets orbiting in a plane that is edge on exhibit Doppler effect due tos
  67. 67How do astronomers look for “transiting planets” whose orbit might cause them to pass in front of a star outside our Solar System?They measure the star’s brightness, and look for periodic timing.
  68. 68Which of the following is the largest?Size of a typical galaxy
  69. 69Approximately how many moon phases can be obscur in 24 hours?Only 1 hour
  70. 70What is the days of the year called when the Sun rises directly in the East and sets directly in the West?Equinoxes
  71. 71From the fact that virtually every galaxy is moving away from us and more distant galaxies are moving away from us at a faster rate than closer ones, we conclude thatThe universe is expanding.
  72. 72Earth undergoes one complete orbit of the sun in approximatelyOne year
  73. 73Which of the following best describes what we mean by the universe? a) A vast collection of stars that numbers as many as the grains of sand on all the beaches on Earth b) Our Milky Way c) All the galaxies in all the superstar d) The sum total of all matter and energyb) Our Milky Way
  74. 74Which of the following describes one reason that the Northern and the Southern Hemispheres have different seasons at the same time?During a day of the year when the Sun is high in the sky in the Northern Hemisphere it will be low in the sky in the Southern Hemisphere
  75. 75Why don’t star systems, galaxies and galaxy clusters themselves expand as the universe around them expands?Their inter gravitational attraction is strong enough to keep them bound together against the expansion of space.
  76. 76Which of the following statements about scientific models is true? a) A module tries to represent only one aspect of nature b) All models that explain nature well are correct c) A module can be used to explain and predict real phenomena d) All current models are correctc) A module can be used to explain and predict real phenomena
  77. 77Two stars that are in the same constellation:May actually be very far away from each other
  78. 78Which Moon position (A-E) shown in the diagram above best corresponds with the phase shown at right?Position DWhich Moon position (A-E) shown in the diagram above best corresponds with the phase shown at right?
  79. 79At which Moon position could a solar eclipse occur?Only position CAt which Moon position could a solar eclipse occur?
  80. 80At which Moon position would a lunar eclipse occur?None of the position shownAt which Moon position would a lunar eclipse occur?
  81. 81Which of the following statements about scientific theories is false?Theories are not taken seriously if they contradict older more developed theories.
  82. 82What is an astronomical unit?The average distance from Earth to the Sun
  83. 83Which of the following best describes why the Moon goes through phases?We see only part of the lit-up surface of the Moon depending on its position relative to Earth and Sun.
  84. 84Which of these rankings is correct for the size (diameter) of the following objects from smallest to largest:Planet, star, solar system, galaxy, universe
  85. 85In any particular place on Earth, certain constellations are visible in the evening only at certain times of the year because:Our evening view of space depends on where Earth is located in its orbit around the Sun
  86. 86Which of the following correctly ranks locations from closest to Earth to farthest from Earth?the Sun, the edge of our solar system, the nearby star Alpha Centauri, far edge of Milky Way galaxy, near side of Andromeda Galaxy
  87. 87If you’re located in the continental U.S on the first day of July, how will the position of the Sun at Noon be different two weeks later?It will have moved to a position closer to the horizon
  88. 88In science, a broad idea that has been repeatedly verified so as to give scientist great confidence that it represents reality is called:A theory
  89. 89About where is our Solar System located within the Milky Way Galaxy?Towards the edge, about 28,000 lights years from the center of the galaxy
  90. 90What causes a lunar eclipse?Earth blocks light from the Sun, casting a shadow on the Moon.
  91. 91Why do we experience seasons on Earth?As the Earth goes around the Sun and Earth’s axis remains pointed toward Polaris, the North and Southern hemisphere.
  92. 92A typical galaxy is:A collection of a few hundred million to a trillion or more stars
  93. 93The astrology practiced by those who cast predictive horoscopes can be tested byComparing how often the predictions came true
  94. 94What makes the North Star, Polaris, special?It appears very near the north celestial pole
  95. 95What do we mean when we say that the universe is expanding?Average distances are increasing between galaxies
  96. 96Our solar system consists of:The Sun and all objects that orbit it
  97. 97Earth’s rotation about about its axis causes__Stars to appear to move in circles around the north celestial pole
  98. 98Which of the is the correct ordering from largest to smallest?Local Supercluster, Local Group, Milky Way, Solar System
  99. 99The Sun appears to rise and set in our sky because ____ and you are one year older each time______.Earth rotates on its axis; Earth completes one orbit of the Sun.
  100. 100The Sun's location in the Milky Way Galaxy is _________.in the galactic disk, roughly halfway between the center and the outer edge of the disk
  101. 101How does the diameter of the disk of Milky Way Galaxy compare to its thickness?The diameter is about 100 times as great as the thickness.
  102. 102On a dark summer night in the northern hemisphere, we can see the Milky Way but we cannot see the center of the Milky Way. Why not?Interstellar dust and gas absorbs and scatters visible light before it can reach us from the center.
  103. 103If you wanted to observe the center of our galaxy, you would need to point a telescope in the direction of the constellation __________.Sagittarius
  104. 104Consider the portion of the video that starts with the all-sky view of the Milky Way and then zooms in to the galactic center. All of the images except the first two show radio, infrared, or X-ray light. Why don’t these images show visible light?Interstellar dust in the galactic disk prevents us from seeing the galactic center with visible light.
  105. 105Consider all of the observations shown in the video. Which of the following are reasonable conclusions?-Gas orbits the radio source called Sgr A*.
    -There are strong magnetic fields in the central region of the galaxy.
    -Stars near the galactic center are much closer together than stars around our Sun.
  106. 106What characteristics of the orbiting stars do we need to measure in order to calculate the mass of the central object, Sgr A*?their orbital periods and average orbital distances
  107. 107Based on the measurements discussed in part D, the mass of the central black hole is calculated to be about __________ times that of the Sun.4 million
  108. 108Astronomers are seeking to obtain an image of the region around the black hole’s event horizon with a project called the Event Horizon Telescope. What type of light does this project seek to observe?radio waves
  109. 109To calculate the dashed orbits from the stellar positions, astronomers had to assume that __________.if they observed for many more years, the dots would trace out ellipses
  110. 110Notice that some of the stars on the diagram are represented by a series of dots that are very close together, while others have their dots farther apart. Keeping in mind that all the stellar positions were measured at approximately one-year intervals, which stars are moving the fastest in their orbits during the time period indicated by the dots?the dots farthest apart
  111. 111Look again at the orbit of the star with the highlighted orbit. By comparing the orbit to the scale bar shown on the diagram, you can estimate that this orbit has a semimajor axis of about _____.1150 AU
  112. 112The following equation, derived from Newton's version of Kepler's third law, allows us to calculate the mass (M) of a central object, in solar masses, from an orbiting object's period (p) in years and semimajor axis (a) in astronomical units: M=a3p2 Using this formula with the values you found in Parts C and D, what is the approximate mass of the central object?4 million solar masses
  113. 113From Part E you know the mass of the central object. Now consider its size. Based on what you can see in the diagram, you can conclude that the diameter of the central mass is __________.no more than about 70 AU
  114. 114You've now found that the central object has a mass of about 4 million solar masses but is no more than about 70 AU in diameter—which means it cannot be much larger than the size of our planetary system. Why do these facts lead astronomers to conclude that the central object is a black hole?There is no known way to pack so much mass into such a small volume without it collapsing into a black hole.
  115. 115What is the best evidence for an extremely massive black hole in the center of the Milky Way?The orbits of stars in the center of the galaxy indicate the presence of an object about 4 million times the mass of the Sun in a region no larger than our solar system.
  116. 116How do we learn about the conditions at the center of our own galaxy, the Milky Way?Radio, infrared and X-ray light from the galactic center can be detected and used to determine the conditions there.
  117. 117What evidence supports the existence of a very massive black hole at the center of our galaxy?The motions of the gas and stars at the center indicate that it contains 4 million solar masses within a region no larger than our solar system.
  118. 118The most basic difference between elliptical galaxies and spiral galaxies is that ________.elliptical galaxies lack anything resembling the disk of a spiral galaxy
  119. 119The disk component of a spiral galaxy includes which of the following parts?spiral arms
  120. 120The unusually bright centers found in some galaxies are called ________.active galactic nuclei
  121. 121What is the best evidence for supermassive black holes existing in the centers of other galaxies?Detailed observations of stars and gas clouds very near the centers of galaxies show that they are rapidly orbiting a very massive object that we can't see.
  122. 122Which of the following best summarizes what we mean by dark matter?matter that we have identified from its gravitational effects but that we cannot see in any wavelength of light
  123. 123Why do we call dark matter "dark"?It emits no radiation of any wavelength.
  124. 124Dark matter is inferred to exist because:we can observe its gravitational influence on visible matter.
  125. 125How does gravitational lensing tell us about the mass of a galaxy cluster?Using Einstein's general theory of relativity, we can calculate the cluster's mass from the precise way in which it distorts the light of galaxies behind it.
  126. 126What is a rotation curve?a graph showing how orbital velocity depends on distance from the center of a spiral galaxy
  127. 127When we say that a cluster of galaxies is acting as a gravitational lens, what do we mean?It bends or distorts the light coming from galaxies located behind it.
  128. 128In 1924, Edwin Hubble proved that the Andromeda Galaxy lay far beyond the bounds of the Milky Way, thus putting to rest the idea that it might have been a cloud within our own galaxy. How was he able to prove this?By observing individual Cepheid variable stars in Andromeda and applying the period-luminosity relation
  129. 129What is the best way to determine a galaxy's redshift?Take a spectrum of the galaxy, and measure the difference in wavelength of spectral lines from the wavelengths of those same lines as measured in the laboratory.
  130. 130A standard candle is ________.a light source of known luminosity
  131. 131What does Hubble's law tell us?The more distant a galaxy, the faster it is moving away from us.
  132. 132What two quantities did Edwin Hubble compare for a sample of galaxies to discover the expansion of the universe?velocity and distance
  133. 133In principle, if we could see all the way back in time we could see the Big Bang taking place. However, our view is blocked for times prior to about 380,000 years after the Big Bang. Why?Before that time, the gas in the universe was dense and ionized and therefore did not allow light to travel freely.
  134. 134What property of the universe is uniquely predicted by the Big Bang theory?the existence of cosmic background radiation
  135. 135What is the main idea of the Big Bang theory?the idea that all matter and energy in the universe began in an unimaginably dense state, and then space itself began expanding in all directions
  136. 136Why is the Big Bang theory the only theory of the universe you learn about in a typical astronomy class?No competing theory has survived the test of evidence.
  137. 137If observations had shown that the cosmic microwave background was perfectly smooth (rather than having very slight variations in temperature), then we would have no way to account for ________.how galaxies came to exist
  138. 138Which of the following statements about the cosmic background radiation is not true?It is the result of a mixture of radiation from many independent sources, such as stars and galaxies that formed within the first billion years of the Big Bang.
  139. 139Based on observations of the cosmic microwave background, the overall composition of the universe is approximately ________.5% ordinary (baryonic) matter, 27% non-ordinary (nonbaryonic) dark matter, 68% dark energy
  140. 140What might be causing the universe to accelerate?dark energy

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Fichas sobre Astronomy , creado por Kymmy C. el 21/05/2019.
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