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Urban (re)development
Fichas del conjunto (21)
- 1Give a brief locational description of Hulme.Hulme is 1 mile south from the centre of Manchester, beyond the River Medlock. It is an ex-industrial suburb.
- 2What two stages of redevelopment have taken place in Hulme in the past 40 years?1970s redevelopment of Victorian terraces (now slums), replaced with crescent blocks
1990s (massive) redevelopment of crescent blocks - 3What were the plans for developing Hulme's Victorian terraces? (Hint: how many people would the development house?)4 large crescents blocks, 3/4 storey (based on expensive housing in Bath), to house 13,000 people
- 4What problems were caused by the deck access system of 'streets'? (Hint: there are 5)Decks not patrolled like streets
Neighbours can't see each other's front doors, more break-ins
On top of each other, enclosed, echoes
Children play on decks (grass area below not visible from flats)
Only two lifts needed, but often broken - 5Give 3 other design faults of the Hulme crescents and their consequences.Concrete, uniform flats - No sense of ownership, maintenance is poor
Letterbox high enough so that someone reaching in can unlock the Yale lock - More break-ins
High density housing - 6What happened to the sense of community in the Hulme crescents? Why? What problem did this lead to?The sense of community was lost because houses didn't face or back onto one another, neighbours didn't have any need to speak to one another. This lead to anti-social behaviour.
- 7What larger consequence did these design faults have? Give evidence to support the point.The Hulme crescents attracted those of the lowest socio-economic standing. They became housing for all of Manchester's 'problem families' and saw extreme deprivation (1973: 60% of people in crescents claiming social security benefits)
- 8What social problems were experienced as a result of this culture of deprivation? (hint: there are four points)Drug abuse, Valium addiction
Theft and violence
30x more likely to be mugged or murdered in Hulme than national average
Residents 3x more likely to exhibit signs of clinical stress
(8 years after building) - 9What was Hulme's reputation at this time?1970s - 1980s: Manchester's most deprived area
- 10What attempts were made to solve the problems caused by the Hulme crescents?Change from families to students / singles
Add different access point to decks
Rip out expensive underfloor heating - 11What second stage of redevelopment followed?The 1990s redevelopment of the crescents titled 'City Challenge'
- 12What were the five elements of the plans for the City Challenge redevelopment?2 storey houses with gardens - 2/3 storey apartment blocks (2,000 new homes)
Hulme Arch Bridge
New road infrastructure, regeneration of Princess Road
Birley Field business park
New parks and youth centres - 13How was the City Challenge redevelopment project funded?A mixture of private and Government funding
- 14What was the 'new Hulme' modelled on?The idea of a Moravian settlement based on Ashton-Under-Lyne in Greater Manchester
- 15Why was the new Hulme housing better than the infamous crescents? Part one - Urban environment (Hint: there are 6 points)More attractive urban environment.
Trees, cobbled street, wide pavements
Brick not concrete
Housing similar but not blandly uniform
Houses well maintained (ownership)
No litter or vandalism
Looks safe, community feel - 16Why was the new Hulme housing better than the infamous crescents? Part two - Crime (Hint: there are 4 points)Reduced crime rate
Houses face each other (fewer break-ins)
Cars parked outside owner's house
More permanent residents and view less restricted (neighbours recognise people)
More full ownership / sense of community (protecting area's reputation e.g. neighbour watch schemes) - 17Why was the new Hulme housing better than the infamous crescents? Part three - Safety (Hint: there are 5 points)Safer for young children
Parents can watch street from inside
Children can play at ground level
Most have back gardens
Wide pavements
Cars have designated parking spaces - 18Why was the new Hulme housing better than the infamous crescents? Part four - Community (Hint: there are 2 points)Stronger sense of community
Houses face one another
More sense of ownership and permanence
Less isolated / more integrated into the urban fabric - 19Why was the new Hulme housing better than the infamous crescents? Part five - Socio-economic mix (Hint: there are 3 points)Greater socio-economic mix of people.
Mixed housing type
Mixed ownership (rented and private)
Settling and aspirational attractiveness - 20Why are some people opposed to the further development of suburbs? Why may they think that it is unsustainable?Increase in private car usage.
Cars run on fossil fuels (limited resources and global warming) - private car only transports one person
City centre isn't designed for traffic and parking (congestion becomes problematic) - 21What do some people argue would make the 1990s redevelopment of Hulme more sustainable?More public transport and green transport systems built into the plan
Información
- Descripción
- Revision flashcards on Geography - Population and Settlement - Landuse - Urban Development and Redevelopment inc. Hulme Case Study (two developments)
- Creado por
- Jess Molyneux
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