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Protein Structures
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- 1DomainA specific region (set of amino acids) of a protein
- 2Structural domainA specific region of a protein that is independently folded into a stable structure. These are usually highlighted by the loosely folded sections that separate them. These are usually functional units as well.
- 3Electrostatic interactionsThis is the attraction between oppositely charged ions. The force of attraction decreases with distance.
- 4Hydrophobic attractions:This happens when a non-polar solvent comes in contact with a polar solvent (like H2O). In this situation the non-polar molecules are clustered together to minimize the surface area of contact with water.
Hydrophobic groups however are pushed together by water in order to prevent the disruptive effect they have on the h-bonds formed by water and hence these molecules cluster together (eg. Oil in water) - 5Van-der-Waals forces (London forces)Are formed by the attraction of temporary dipoles caused when electrons move around a molecule. The could be attractive or repulsive and are relatively weaker forces of attraction
- 6Hydrogen bondsThis is a force of attraction created between a hydrogen attached to an electronegative atom with another electronegative atom which is usually O, N or F. This occurs because the hydrogen has a partially positive charge and the other atoms mentioned have a partially negative charge.
- 7How do biochemist visualize protein structures?
- 8Post translational modificationsPhosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation and sumoylation alters stability or signaling.
Myristilation and farnesylation alters location - 9Molecular chaperonesThese are molecules that help other proteins fold
- 10Conformational changesProteins are not usually rigid. The can change their domains slightly
- 11DenaturingExtreme conditions cause proteins to unfold.
pH,hightemperature,alcohol,heavymetalsalts,detergents
or certain small molecules.
Urea*, guanidine hydrochloride*
Break weak bonds that stabilize structure, but they are not strong enough to break peptide bonds - 12Protein familiesDuring evolution, new proteins come from old ones. Protein families are ones which are related by evolution.
They have similar primary sequence,
structures, functions, and domains. - 13'Conserved' residuesAmino acid residues that are necessary for function are found in all members of a protein family.
- 14Example: Protein familiesSteroid hormone receptors
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- 54 (BIOCHEM 2280) Semester 1 Fichas sobre Protein Structures, creado por UdaraJay el 25/09/2015.
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- UdaraJay
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