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elections

Truely Costen government and politics AS - Level Inglés 46 fichas

Fichas del conjunto (46)

  1. 1how are MPs elected?FPTP
  2. 2who is a general election called by?the prime minister
  3. 3why are elections important?-representation
    -choice
    -give majority party the authority to govern
    -reflects public opinion
    -holds gov and executive to account
    -participation
  4. 4what is a mandate?the party with the most seats need to gain legitimacy from the people in order to have the authority to govern
    -mandate is gained by the party with the most seats
  5. 5what is a manifesto?-partys issue a policy programme outlining what they stand for and what they wish to do if elected
    -over the life time if a parliament a party tries to implement its manifesto
  6. 6what are the models which say why people vote the way they do?-social structures model
    -party identification model
    -rational choice model
    -dominant ideology model
    -voting context model
  7. 7what is the social structures model?-importance of social structures shaping the way we vote
    -e.g class, ethnicity,occupation, education,gender and geographical location
  8. 8what is the party identification model?-partisan alignment
    -people are have more of a partisan dealignment as people are less party loyal
    -people vote tactically now
  9. 9what is the rational choice model?-voters make considered choices based on current issues, party leaders and perceived competition.
    -judgements made retrospectively or prospectively
  10. 10what is the dominant ideology model?-dominant ideologies held by elite or powerful institutions such as the media influence the way we vote
  11. 11what is the voting context model?-nature of elections contested
    -tactical and protest voting
    -voters vote differently according to the electoral system used
  12. 12what are the 4 types of electoral system in the uk?-plurality (simple majority)
    -majoritarian system
    -proportional representation
    -hybrid
  13. 13what is the plurality system?FPTP which means plus one
    -used for general elections
  14. 14what is the majoritarian system?-50% + 1
    -AV
    -SV-london mayor elections
  15. 15what are the two types of election in the proportional representation system?-STV (quota)- northern Ireland assembly
    -List (open/closed)- european parliament
  16. 16what are they two hybrid elections?-AMS- FPTP+list- scottish parliament
    -AV+- AV+list- never been used
  17. 17what are the advantages of FPTP?-results is strong stable government
    -maintains a link between representatives and constituents
    -minor parties can do well
    -widely understood
  18. 18what are the disadvantages of FPTP?-unrepresentative of the electorate
    -discriminates against smaller parties e.g UKIP
    -wastes votes on safe seats
    -can encourage tactical voting
    -perpetuates a two party system
    -women and minorities are under represented
  19. 19what is SV?-type of AV
    -voter has one vote and records first vote and second preferences all but the top two are eliminated
  20. 20what are the advantages of SV?-simple system where views are expressed
    -clear winner
    -creates strong government du to the majoritarian nature
  21. 21what are the disadvantages of SV?-votes and seats do not correlate
    -promotes votes for major parties
    -can lead to wasted votes and many votes cast in the first round aren't transferred and counted a second time
  22. 22what is AV?-votes correlate to candidates e.g three candidates means 1st 2nd and 3rd choice votes
    -this is done by a system of rounds where people number their preferences
    -the person with the least votes is eliminated and the second preferences from those are counted instead
  23. 23what are the advantages of AV?-mps are elected by majorities and in their constituencies
    -clear link between MPs and constituencies
    -doesn't discriminate against smaller parties
    -gives leader a strong mandate and authority
    -counters voting bias
  24. 24what are the disadvantages of AV?-less proportional than FPTP
    -exaggerates swings in public opinion
    -confusing system for young or new voters
    -wasted votes
    -still safe seats
  25. 25what is the list system?-open- list of candidates who the voters vote for
    -closed- shows a list of parties and the party decides which candidates are placed in which constituency
  26. 26what is STV?it is a quota system which is used in Northern Ireland local elections and the scottish local elections
  27. 27how many votes does the voter get in the list systemone or the ballot is void
  28. 28how many votes does the voter get in STV?it is done on preference do however many parties there are
  29. 29what are the strengths of the list system?-high degree of part proportionality
    -every vote has equal value
    -large multi member constituencies so women and minorities have more opportunity of representation
    -closed lists are more amenable to measures that can increase representation of women, such as gender quotas
  30. 30what are the weaknesses of the list system?-closed party lists are impersonal, weakening the link between representative and regional area
    -closed part lists offer little voter choice as all the power resides with the part leader
    -safe candidates are placed near the top of the list, at the expense of traditionally under represented groups
    -party lists discriminate against those not willing to be part of the party structure, it is difficult to stand as an independent
    -could result in a fragmented parliament and produce unstable, multi party governments
  31. 31what are the strengths of STV?-voters have a large chance because they are able to vote for more than one party
    -not as many votes wasted as in FPTP as voters are able to list in order of preference
  32. 32what are the weaknesses of STV?-less accurate in translated votes into seats
    -break up the line between individual MPs and their constituency
    -produces coalition governments
  33. 33what is AMS?- a mixed system between FPTP and proportional representation
  34. 34how many votes does each voter get?two votes- one for a candidate of the constituency they live in and one for the party in their region
  35. 35how do parties win?-a candidate needs 50%+1to become the representative
    -a party who gains the most votes wins and the votes are representative to how many seats they earn
    -scotland use this system
  36. 36what are the advantages of AMS?-the results are broadly proportional
    -less votes wasted
    -single member constituencies are used which ensures the link between geographical areas
    -electors have two votes
  37. 37what are the disadvantages?-many representatives are unaccountable to the party leadership rather than the voters
    -could create confusion amongst voters as to who they should go to, constituency or regional list
    -may not produce a clear winner
    -not easy to understand compared to other systems
  38. 38what is AV+-combined AV and list systems
    -constituency MPs are elected by AV
    -the electorate has a potentially unlimited amount of votes
  39. 39what are the advantages?-MPs are elected by majorities in their constituencies
    -the link between MP and constituencies is retained
    -more representative government formed
    -tactical voting would no longer be necessary
    -MPs and parties would have a good mandate
  40. 40what are the disadvantages?-Ballot papers would be complicated
    -parties would be forced to work together when a clear majority isn't chosen
    -creates two classes of representative
  41. 41what are the yes debates for FPTP reform?-fails to allocate seats fairly and does not represent the view of the people- UKIP 4m votes 1 seat
    -votes are not equal and many are wasted- anything but safe seats are wasted
    -voters are often denied a meaningful choice
    -it would help restore faith in parliament as it could raise the turn out
  42. 42what are the no FPTP reform debates?-creates a strong government- PR creates coalition governments which are weak and unstable
    -FPTP is understood-turn out shows that
    -FPTP creates the two party system which creates a stable gov
    -majority gov have a clear mandate
    -clear link between representative and constituents
    -clear choice between gov
    -
  43. 43what did the Jenkins report propose?-redrawing of constituency boarders, reducing the amount of MPs to 530
    -AV for GE
    -Two votes per voter- one constituency and one MP top up
    -constituency MP with 50% or more wins
    -15-20% of MPs 'top ups'
  44. 44what was the reaction to the jenkins report?-blair welcomed the report and urged cabinet to help him manage the debate of electoral reform
  45. 45what was the attitudes of the conservatives on electoral reform?-hague said he would fight it every inch of the way because it took power away from the electorate
    -dunleavy and weir said the report was an attempt to marginalise the conservatives as the constituency lines would be drawn in labours favour
  46. 46what was the attitude of the Lib Dems?- they were supporters of PR as they favour small parties
    -in their 2001 election manifesto they supported AV+ but would have proffered STV for westminster

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AS - Level (elections) government and politics Fichas sobre elections, creado por Truely Costen el 14/03/2016.
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