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Introduction to cognitive - Lecture 6
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- 1Why can't mental processes be measured directly?Mental processes occur rapidly and below the level of mental processing
- 2How is cognitive psychology investigated?Through observables eg. behaviour
- 3What does Dualism say?The mind and body are separate. Body (physical), mind (non-physical).
But interact and drive behavior.
Descartes
(1596 - 1650) - 4What does Nativism say?The mind/soul has an innate understanding of some concepts.
- 5What does Empiricism suggest?John Locke (1632- 1704)
Tabula rasa
Everything learnt from experience - 6When/ where/ who was the first psychology lab established by?1879
Wilhelm Wundt
University of Leipzig - 7Wilhelm Wundt developed what psychological view?Structuralist
- 8What is the structuralist view and what methods does it use?It emphasized conscious mental events
developed analytic introspection technique - 9What theory did Helmholtz come up with and what experiment did he use?Developed theory of unconscious interference
Visual processing experiment
Show things to people and ask what they see... - 10What new wave of psychology focused on observables and stimulus-responseBehaviourism
- 11How did skinner propose children learn language?imitation and reinforcement, correct words are rewarded
- 12Who mainly first challenged behaviourism and language?chomsky- poverty of stimulus argument
- 13Who helped chomsky in disproving behaviourism?Breland and Breland (1938)- Emphasised the role of biologically programmed behaviour
- 14These studies led to the cognitive revolution, what are the main goals of the cognitive approach?Views humans as active, and constructive processors of
information, rather than passive responders to stimuli - 15What is the dominant view in cognitive psychology?Information-processing view
- 16Who created a model of attention?Broadbents filter model of attention (messages, filter, detector, to memory)
- 17What study did cherry come up with? Main findings?Dichotic listening task and that our attention ignores content but notices physical characteristics
- 18Who is known as the father of cognitive psychology?Neisser
- 19Name an alternate method in cognitive psychologyMental chronometry, this is the use of response times to infer cognitive operations
- 20What does computational cognitive psychology enable us to do?Recreate human cognition in a computer programme
This allows us to test the validity of a specific theory and predict behavior in certain situations - 21What is cognitive neuroscienceIntegrating behavioural and physiological approaches
Focuses also on understanding the brain itself - 22Explain what fMRI is, what it measured, and its resolutionMagnetic resosnance imaging to meaure the blood oxygen level-dependant signal, oxyhaemoglobin converts to deyoxyhaemoglobin when it is used and this disrupts magnetic fields
Good spatial resolution - 23Expplain Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), what it is and its resolutioncoil that pulese to created a magnetic field, causes a temporary lesion, looks at behaviour, asses the role of brain area in task performance
- 24Electrophysiology and fMRI use what kind of logic?Subtractive logic- complex task compared to control task
- 25Name some general issues of these methods?Ecological validity, no measure is perfect so you need to combine methods,
- 26What did Wheeler, 1970 show?Word superiority effect, Information about the word presented can facilitate identification of the letters of that word
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- Degree (Psychology of the Individual) Psychology Fichas sobre Introduction to cognitive - Lecture 6, creado por Georgina Burchell el 25/04/2016.
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