Fichas
Foreign policy HVII
Fichas del conjunto (61)
- 1What were Henry VII's foreign policy aims?- To avoid war and save money
- To secure the tudor dynasty and leave the line of succession safe - 2What were Henry's reasons for raising revenue to build an army to support Brittany?- Obligation to Bretons
- Fear that with Brittany under French control the French held a bigger threat to England - 3What was a fiefdom?Denotes an area over which feudal lordship is executed
- 4Who was Brittany ruled over by?Duke Francis II
- 5Who was Duke Francis II's only heir?Duchess Anne
- 6How did this affect the Breton position?Due to the lack of male heirs and Anne being unable to rule, the French wanted to strip Brittany of independence
- 7When was the treaty of Redon?1489
- 8What did the treaty of Redon do?- Duchess Anne would provide the money for a small British army to defend Brittany from the French threat
- Henry would strengthen relationship with Maximilian
- Anne agreed not to marry Charles VIII - 9What was the arrangement therefore between Anne and Maximilian?Marriage by proxy
- 10How were foreign relations with Scotland?- Only country sharing a border with England
- Experienced cross border lawlessness
- Often worked closely with France as part of the auld alliance - 11How were foreign relations with France?- Most powerful European country
- Seeking to brig duchies such as Brittany and Burgundy under French control
- France and England shared a long history of hostility - 12When was the hundred years war?1337-1453
- 13How were foreign relations with Burgandy?- Medieval power broken after death of Charles the bold
- Lands of duchy assumed by French crown
- Title to be passed to Maximilian of the Holy Roman Empre - 14How were foreign relations with the Holy Roman Empire?Federation of around 300 states, with an elected emperor
- 15How were foreign relations with Spain?- Marriage between Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castille brought the two nations together
- Death of Isabella in 1504 lost this
- Ferdinand got in a conflict over control of Castille? - 16How were foreign relations with Ireland?- Anomoly
- English king was Lord of Ireland - 17What happened when Henry sent the army to Brittany?- Army got there, but Anne feared the effects of prolonged tension with France, so gave in and married Charles VIII
- English army marooned
- Maximilian lost interest
- Immediate set back after first foreign excursion - 18Describe the invasion of France in 1492?- Henry launched an attack knowing the French had other preoccupations (Italy) and so would surrender easily
- Quick peace settlement
- Good tactics, flexibility - 19What did the treat of Etaples (Nov 1492) say?- Charles agreed to withdraw support for Perkin Warbek
- Agreed to pay a pension to compensate Henry
- Henry managed to secure dynastic and national interests and improve the financial situation - 20Who was in receipt of the majority of British exports?Ports of the Netherlands
- 21What were the problems surrounding Margaret of Burgandy?- In ownership of her late husband's estate
- Sister of Edward IV and Richard III
- Leading upholder of Yorkist cause - 22What was the relationship between Margaret of Burgundy and Maximilian?Stepson in Law
- 23When did Maximilian become Holy Roman Emperor?1493
- 24Who was the jurisdiction of the Netherlands handed on to?Philip, Maximilian's sixteen year old son
- 25What made the relationship between Burgundy and England deteriorate further?Maximilian and Philip offering hospitality to Perkin Warbeck
- 26How did Henry aim to ease these tensions?He put in place a trade embargo with Burgandy
- 27What was the problem of the trade embargo?Conflicted Henry's aims of securing the dynasty and encouraging trade
- 28Why did this lose Henry national popularity?Showed he was prepared to sacrifice commercial interests of London and east-coast merchants
- 29When did relations improve between Burgandy and England?- When Perkin Warbeck left Burgandy
- Intercursus Magnus 1496
- - 30In what year did Isabella, Queen of Castille die?1504
- 31What was the outcome of Isabella of Castille's death?- Treaty of Windsor
- Intercursus Malus - 32What was the Intercursus Malus?Trade deal giving England a much stronger trading position in the Netherlands
- 33What were the outcomes of the Intercursus Malus?- Philip and Maximilian handed over the Earl of Suffolk
- Henry had improved trading positions & the strength of the dynasty - 34What was the treaty of Medina del Campo?A treaty between England and Spain
- 35What did the treaty of Medina del Campo state?- Two monarchies would support each other
- Agreed not to harbour rebels or pretenders
- Marriage alliance between Arthur and Catherine of Aragon (Isabella and Ferdinand's daughter) - 36What were the problems with the implementation of the treaty?- Arrangements for the marriage did not go smoothly
- Ferdinand did not want the marriage to go ahead while the threat of Perkin Warbeck was still at large
- Fought over the size of Catherine's dowry - 37When were the details of the marriage agreed and when did it go ahead?- Details 1499
- Marriage 1501 - 38When did Arthur die and why did the cause fractions between Ferdinand and Henry?- 1502
- Henry suggested Catherine should marry his son, Henry
- However Ferdinand was reluctant due to having little need for the alliance as it would require Papal Dispensation - 39What did the death of Isabella mean for the marriage alliance?- Henry lost interest due to Ferdinand becoming a less prominent political figure after her death
- There was a succession struggle between Ferdinand and Juana - 40Who was stranded at sea in 1506?Juana and her husband Philip of Burgandy
- 41What did the treaty of Windsor state?- Strengthened relations between Juana, Philip and Henry
- Intercursus Malas
- Return of Earl of Suffolk
- Proposed marriage between Henry and Archduchess Margaret, Philip's sister
- Henry's recognition of Juana and Philip as rulers of Castille - 42How did Philip of Burgandy's death affect Henry?- Juana went mad
- Ferdinand became regent of Castille
- Left Henry diplomatically isolated
- Ferdinand ensured the marriage between Henry VIII and Catherine would not take place in Henry VII's lifetime - 43Describe relations with Scotland between 1485-95.- Often tense
- Mainly cordial - 44Describe relations with Scotland between 1495-6.- King James IV came of age in 1495 and offered Perkin Warbeck hospitality
- Warbeck remained for two years in the court and was offered both a pension and marriage to Lady Catherine Gordon
- James encouraged Perkin to cross the border in 1496 with an army
- The invasion didn't last and quickly retreated
- Led Henry to raise a bigger army and invade Scotland, also prompting a taxation rebellion in 1497 - 45Describe relations with Scotland in 1497.- Large-scale rebellion in Cornwall
- In the interests of both England and Scotland to provide a quick truce
- Truce took place at Ayton, a few miles north of the stronghold of Berwick-upon-Tweed - 46Describe relations with Scotland in 1498.- Significantly improved
- James no longer had any diplomatic use for Perkin
- Warbeck executed in 1499 - 47Describe relations with Scotland between 1501-3.- Agreed James should marry Henry's daughter, Margaret
- 1502, this was sanctioned by a formal peace treaty (Treaty of Perpetual Peace)
- Marriage took place in 1503
- Improvement lasted until the end of Henry's reign
- Henry was successful in securing the dynasty - 48How far did Henry's power in Ireland reach?The Pale (area of land surrounding Dublin)
- 49Who held power in the rest of Ireland?- Anglo-Norman barons
- The Fitzgerald's and Butlers were the most important - 50Who was the most dominant figure in Ireland?- Earl of Kildare
- He was the leader of the Geraldines
- Lord Deputy of Ireland since 1477
- Feared by Henry due to Yorkist symapthies
- Suspicion enforced by Kildare's support for Lambert Simnel
- Kildare crowned Simnel King of Ireland in 1486
- Supported Warbeck in 1491 - 51What actions did Henry make in response?- Attempted approach of rule of the Pale through an Englishmen backed by armed force
- Appointed Prince Henry as Lieutenent of Ireland and Sir Edward Poynings as deputy - 52What were Poyning's successes?- Established royal authority by threat and bribery
- Required the Irish parliament to pass Poyning's law in 1495
- Attempted to implement English law in Ireland - 53What was Poyning's law?Irish parliament could pass no law without prior agreement of the English crown
- 54What were the problems with Poyning's rule?- Proved too expensive
- More financial problems in 1495 when Warbeck besieged the town of Waterford
- Henry was short of money due to the threat from the Scots - 55How did Henry solve the problem?Recalled Poynings and reappointed Kildare
- 56How had Kildare changed?- No point in supporting the Yorkists
- Decided to serve Henry loyally
- Secured submission of Irish chieftains
- By 1500, security was cheap and peaceable
- Kildare used his office to rebuild his family fortune - 57Describe Henry VII's children.- Arthur, Henry, Margaret, Mary
- In 1503, one year after Arthur died, Elizabeth also died - 58What did the death of Arthur mean for the dynasty?- Increased insecurity
- Made Prince Henry the new heir
- Raised issues for if the King died while Henry was still a child
- Issue was complicated by the rise of the Earl of Suffolk - 59What did the dynasty depend on>- Henry VII's survival until Henry's coming of age
- Disposal of the threat from the Earl of Suffolk - 60Why were marriage alliances so important?- Essential part of international diplomacy
- Monarchs sought marriage alliances to enhance power and influence
- Important to bring about dynastic security - 61What marriage alliances were made?- SPAIN by securing a marriage alliance with Catherine of Aragon and Arthur
- Then Catherine and Henry
- SCOTLAND oldest daughter, Margaret to James IV
- (Later) Mary to Louis XII
- Henry tried himself to remarry (possible alliances with France, Spain and Holy ROman Empire)
Información
- Descripción
- A level (Henry VII, 1485-1509) History Fichas sobre Foreign policy HVII, creado por Robin Connolly el 25/11/2016.
- Creado por
- Robin Connolly
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