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Relationships
Fichas del conjunto (31)
- 1Physical AttractivenessMen=importance when choosing a mate
Cue for women's health, fertility and reproductive value
Females-attracted to older men-resources
Females fussier
Men+women physical attractiveness important short term
Facial symmetry, hip to waist ratio - 2Matching HypothesisAttracted to individuals match our own levels of attractiveness
Seek partners similar attractiveness
Realistic view of value, compromise
Out of our league rejection
Similar social desirability
Maximise success - 3Walster et al- computer dance study PROCEDUREprocedure- computer dance advertised, said the computers would match them
actually randomly paired with someone, men weren't paired with taller women
completed questionnaire on date
contacted 6 months after about further dates - 4walster et al- computer dance study FINDINGSthose paired with similar attractiveness partner were not significantly more liked
participants rated attractive= more liked by their date
more attractive partner= further dates
no correlation between similar attractiveness and number of dates - 5walster et al- computer dance study CONCLUSIONSmatching hypoth not supported by the results, people prefer attractive partners regardless of own attractiveness
- 6EVALUATION- +RESEARCH SUPPORTmeasure attractiveness was not reliable as rates had only a few seconds to judge
adapted the study allow participants to have some choice about their partners, meet and interact beforehand
the partners similar in physical attractiveness expressed most liking for each other supports matching hypothesis - 7EVALUATION- - COMPLEX MATCHING SPRECHER AND HATFIELDwhy failed find evidence of matching-
people offer desirable characteristics and physical attractiveness is only one
person may compensate for physical attractiveness with other qualities- personality, status and money. = complex matching. this explains why people attract more attractive partners - 8EVALUATION- - CULTURAL BIASdoesn't acknowledge there are cultural differences in choosing a partner,
some cultures/ sub cultures arranged marriages- other factors drive the partnership such as wealth to support the family
the criteria far from western culture so the MH fails different traditions and cultures - 9SELF DISCLOSUREsharing info about yourself, views and feelings, vital role in the development of romantic relationship
greater disclosure= greater intimacy
extent someone discloses
people prefer disclose intimate details, to lesser. reveal more intimate details=liked more - 10RECIPROCITYreciprocal disclosure
when one discloses, hope the other discloses to the same extent
understanding and empathy
balance of self disclosure between both partners, deepens relationship - 11NORMS OF SELF DISCLOSUREmoderate level of disclosure in early stages
shouldn't be too personal that they are discloses to a relative stranger, but they shouldn't be too impersonal that the individual doesn't feel they know them better.
evidence- Berg+Archer- more one discloses, more disclosure is expected - 12DIFFERENT TYPES OF SELF DISCLOSUREdisclosure of disappointments and success, previous relationships=greater influence than neural self disclosure
if disclose to much in early stages then it may threaten relationship - 13SOCIAL PENERATRATION THEORYappropriate balance of self disclosure is needed for relationship develops
breath and depth
moderately deep level - 14SPRECHER ET AL PROCEDUREexperimental method assess the effects of self disclosure on how much people liked each other
pair of not known students two interactions and chat for minutes
1. non- reciprocal- one person asked other disclosures
2. reciprocal condition- took turns asking and disclosing - 15SPRECHER ET AL FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONSreciprocal condition- more liking, closeness, similarity and enjoyment than the non-reciprocal condition.
turn taking self disclosure more likely to lead to positive interpersonal outcomes - 16EVALUATION- +RESEARCH SUPPORT FOR IMPORTANCE OF SELF DISCLOSURECollins and miller- meta analysis, intimate disclosure, more liked than people who disclose at lower levels, people like others because of disclosure
Sprecher+Hendrick- heterosexual couples, correlation between satisfaction and self disclosure.
suggests more satisfied and committed - 17EVALUATION- +REAL LIFE APPLICATIONcan help communication in their relationships
use self disclosure deliberately to increases intimacy and the bond.
Hass+Stafford 57% gay men and women, open and honest disclosure= maintain and deepen relationship
those who use small talk- can learn - 18-CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN PATTERNS OF SELF DISCLOSUREnot true for all cultures that will increases satisfy and intimacy
cultures differ, which topics are appropriate for convo.
west-more intimate than non western cultures
tang-sexual self disclosure, USA,more sexual thoughts than china. - 19cont..Nakanishi- Japanese women lower level of personal convo than men.
opposite in the west women more disclosure than men.
self disclosure importance is moderated by influence of culture.
self disclosure limited by findings in western cultures cannot be generalised - 20FILTER THEORYkerckhoff and davis 3 main factors, social dem, Simi attitudes, comp of needs, narrow down field of variables
series of filters narrow down fields of availables
each filter prominent at each stage of relationship - 21SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHYrange of variables that influence chances of meeting a potential partner, age, social background, level of education, religion and geographical location.
likelihood of meeting, social circumstances limited range of people.
own ethic, social and education groups, similar to and have more in common - 22SIMILARITY IN ATTITUDESpsychological characteristics, agreement on attitudes and basic values.
central importance at the start of the relationship, best predictor of a stable relationship.
disclosures- weigh up if to continue
those different are filtered out - 23COMPLEMENTARITY OF NEEDSassessment of the comp of needs
those who have different needs like each other provide each other with mutual satisfaction of the needs
one partner like laughing, other being enjoyed to make laughs
ensures their needs are met, important for long term couples - 24KERCHOFF AND DAVIS PROCEDURElongitudinal study of 94 dating couples the US
2 questionnaires degree they share attitudes and values and needs for complementarity
7 months after asked how close felt than beginning, progress towards permanence - 25KERCHOFF AND DAVIS FINDINGSinitial- similarity in attitudes was only seen
short term-similarity of attitudes, best predictor
long term- complementarity of needs was only predictive - 26EVALUATION- +RESEARCH SUPPORTsimilarity of attitudes and comp of needs are important factors in successful relationship
Winch similarity in personality, interests and attitudes earliest stage
25 married couples- social needs comp more than similar
long term- needs are harmonious - 27SOCIAL EXCHANGE THEORYEconomic theory of relationship maintenance
Reflect economic assumptions
Minmax principle
Profit is rewards minus costs
The relationship needs to be profitable
Companionship,being cared for,status and sex
Costs-neg emotions,financial investment, and missed opourtunities
Assessed within relationship or in comparison to others - 28COMPARISON LEVELAmount of reward you feel you deserve
Develops from past experiences
Norms of culture and subculture,medias influence
If profit exceeds CL=attractive
Previous bad relation-low CL
High CL-high expectations
Strong relationship=exceed both CLs - 29THE COMPARISON LEVELS FOR ALTERNATIVESWhether they can do better
Comparisons of current relationship, potential&being on their own
Weighing up potential rewards
Temp of new relationship if rewards better or stay in or no relation
More rewarding po partner better benefits less costs, more likely to move on
Satisfied=unaware of others - 30EVALUATION +RESEARCH SUPPORTKurdek&schmitt quality of 185 couples, married,not married,heterosexual, same sex parents.
Questionnaires found greater satisfaction-CL and seeing other couples less attractive
Shows that factors that predict are same in different types of relationships - 31EVALUATION- +REAL WORLD APPLICATIONCouples therapy- Gotman&levenson
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- A2 Psychology Fichas sobre Relationships, creado por olivia healey el 14/03/2017.
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- olivia healey
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