Fichas
Short and Long-term Memory
Fichas del conjunto (8)
- 1Long-term MemoryThe memory of events from the past, and lasts anywhere between 2 mins & 100 yrs
Potentially unlimited capacity and duration
Semantic coding - 2Short-term MemoryThe memory of immediate events, measured in seconds and minutes.
Disappear unless rehearsed, and limited capacity (around 4 chunks) - acoustic coding
- Working memory - 3Capacity- Assessed using digit span
- Jacobs (1887)
- Average span of digits = 9.3
- Average span of letters = 7.3
= 9 digits 26 letters
- Magic number 7+-2 - Miller (1956)
- 5 letters or word up to 9 letters or words - 4EvaluationLimited
> Cowan (2001) reviewed studies on the capacity of STM - limited to 4 chunks
> Research limited to visual info (= 4 chunks)
- Chunk size matters
> Simon (1974) - shorter memory span for larger chunks than smaller chunks - 5Duration- Peterson et al (1959) - 24 students
- 8 trials - constant syllable and 3 digits
- Recall after 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 or 18 secs
- 90% correct after 3 sec, 20% after 9 and 2% after 18
- Bahrick et al (1975) - 400 people aged 17-74 for photo recognition
- 90% accurate within 15 yrs, 70% within 48 - 6EvaluationTesting was artificial
> Syllables do not accurately represent real-life memory activities (no relevance to real life)
Displacement
> Numbers from the Petersons' study may overwrite the syllables to be remembered - 7Coding- Acoustic and Semantic Coding
- Acoustically similar - cab, cat, can etc
- Semantically similar - big, large, huge etc
Baddeley (1966a/b) - Participants had difficulty remembering acoustically similar words in STM but not LTM, and semantically similar vice versa - 8EvaluationMay not have tested LTM
> Baddeley - STM was tested using a recall list immediately after learning, LTM was tested after waiting 20 mins
LTM may not just be semantic
> Frost (1972) - long-term recall was related to visual and semantic categories
Información
- Descripción
- AQA Psychology - Memory
- Creado por
- Chanelle Titchener
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- 21
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- Valoración