Fichas
week 2 - what is normality?
Fichas del conjunto (18)
- 1defining abnormalitymust distinguish between abnormality and normality
stigmatising connotations relating to being 'normal'
there are no clear cut definitions - 2no clear definition of abnormalitythere cannot be one specific definition of what is abnormal however we can look at conditions that allow us to distinguish between normal and abnormal
- 3approaches 1. the statistical approachnormal distribution bell curve
behaviours and experiences is not usual or typical
:) advantage of a cut-off point
:) easy to use
:( statistically abnormal may not mean a disorder
:( scoring slightly differently on one test does not automatically mean you have a mental illness - 4approaches 2. deviation approachsociety has ideas of what is normal and what is abnormal
:) intuitive approach (easy to use)
:( social deviance might be a choice
:( cultural, gender and time differences - 5approaches 3. adequacy approachcharacteristics which we process as 'normal'
:( importance of the situation and context is ignored - 6approaches 4. personal distress approachsubjective feelings of distress may be the symptom of abnormality
:( lack of distress may be abnormal
:( some disorders are not associated with distress - 7approaches 5. maladaptivenessmaladaptiveness is behaviour that affects yourself and others
:( maladaptive behaviour is not always abnormal such as adrenaline sports and skipping class - 8family resemblanceabnormal behaviour takes many forms
we need to identify the main features - 9Rosenham and Seligman (1989) 7 criteria to decide abnormality1. suffering - experience distress and discomfort
2. maladaptiveness - behaviours that make things difficult for others
3. irrationality and incomprehensibility - unable to communicate effectively
4. unpredictability - unexpected actions
5. vividness and unconventionality - different experiences than others
6. observer discomfort - acting in a way that is difficult to watch
7. violation of moral and ideal standards - break accepted ethical and moral standards - 10multidisciplinary teams (MDT)led by consultant psychiatrists - can prescribe medication
nurses - monitor progress, recommend medicine, provide basic psychological therapies
clinical psychologists - provide complex therapy, support therapeutic work
occupational therapist - provide real life training
psychiatric social workers - helping with problems such as finance, housing, employment - 11the medical modelcurrent mental health care is rooted to medical model
strongly allied with general medicine
emphasises on physical factors (brain structure, genetics)
symptoms are caused by physical malfunction
treatments possible by biological functions
:) grounded in science
:) theories are testable
:) treatments are effective
:( mental illnesses are not physical
:( treatments are not always effective for everyone
:( reductionism - 12psychological model psychodynamicpsychopathology arises from unconscious conflicts
psychoanalysis and psychodynamic psychotherapy are treatments
:) childhood experiences shape all adult personality
:) defence mechanism controls anxiety
:) alliance between patient and therapist
:( not scientific evidence
:( reliability bias and sampling problems
:( treatment ineffective - 13psychological model behaviouralabnormal behaviour is learned
classical and operant conditioning
behavioural therapy
:) reduces gap between normal and abnormal
:) effective methods of treatment
:( difficult to demonstrate
:( treatment does not imply cause - 14psychological model cognitiveresponse to events determine moods
maladaptiveness caused by misinterpretations
CBT - behaviour and emotions can be changed by changing cognitions
:) consistency with experience
:) effective treatments
:( lack of explanation
:( difficult distinction between cognitive and behavioural viewpoints - 15psychological model humanisticfocus on insight, personal development and self-actualisation
behaviour = subjective experience of fears and conflicts, individuals have free will
client-centred therapy (Rogers)
:) focuses on individuals
:) promotes self-growth
:( difficult to evaluate
:( lacks evidence for effectiveness - 16psychological model socioculturalcan influence acquisition, development and expression of mental health issues
- 17biopsychosocial modeleg diathesis-stress model
not limited to one school of thought
links biological, social, environmental and psychological factors
:) useful
:) can accommodate multidimensional approach
:( lack of theory - 18multidimensional approachneuroscience
genetics
behavioural
cognitive
social and interpersonal
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- (CLINICAL) UNIVERSITY Fichas sobre week 2 - what is normality?, creado por Aamna Khan el 07/02/2019.
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- Aamna Khan
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