Fichas
BMS10-1012 (Thorax 4 - Mediastinum)
Fichas del conjunto (33)
- 1What is the mediastinum?The central component of the thorax, in between the two pleural cavities
- 2What splits the mediastinum into its superior and inferior plane?Transverse thoracic plane (Sternal angle at T4-T5)
- 3The superior section of the thorax is from the.... to the ....Superior thoracic aperture
Transverse thoracic plane - 4The inferior section of the thorax is from ... to ....Transverse thoracic plane to diaphragm
- 5What are the posterior, middle and anterior boundaries of the pericardium?Posterior: Between pericardium/posterior thorax
Middle: Pericardium contents
Anterior: Between sternum/pericardium - 6The right common corotid artery and the right subclavian artery are branches of what?The brachiocephalic artery arising from the aorta
- 7What does the superior vena cava branch into?Right and left:
Brachiocephalic vein
Subclavian vein
Internal jugular vein
Right pulmonary artery on side - 8What does the pulmonary trunk split into?Right and left pulmonary artery
- 9What are the 12 components of the superior mediastinum?1) Aortic arch + 3 branches
- Brachiocephalic artery
- Left subclavian artery
- Left common carotid artery
2) Brachiocephalic Veins
3) Upper 1/2 of SVC
4) Sympathetic Chain
5) Vagus nerve
- Paired
- Behind of root of lung
- Parasympathetic innervation of the heart
- More medial than phrenic
6) Cardiac plexus
- Innervates the heart
- Lies in the concavity of the arch of aorta
- Formed from sympathetic trunk & branches of the vagus nerve
7) Left recurrent laryngeal
- Branch of the vagus nerve
8) Phrenic nerves
- C3, C4, C5,
- Sympathetic innervation of diaphragm, parietal pleura, pericardium
- Front of root of lung
- Lateral compared to vagus
9) Trachea
- Bifurcates to bronchi (Transverse thoracic duct)
10) Oesophagus
11) Thoracic duct
- Biggest lymphatic vessel in the body
12) Lymph nodes - 10Where is the oesophagus located in relation to the trachea, and where does it penetrate the diaphragm?Behind the trachea
T10 - 11What is the oesophagus innervated by?The vagus nerve
- 12What is in the middle mediastinum?The pericardium+heart
Thymus+cells - 13What structures are in the inferior mediastinum?1. Descending thoracic aorta (T12)
2. Azygous system
- posterior to aorta/trachea/oesophagus
3. Oesophagus
4. Thoracic duct - 14What does the azygous system do?Drains blood into the superior vena cava
- 15On the right, which blood vessel (s) of the azygous system drain into the superior vena cava?Azygous vein
- 16On the left, which blood vessel (s) of the azygous system drain into the superior vena cava?Hemizygous and accessory hemizygous vein drains into azygous vein, which then drains into SVC
- 17What does the thoracic duct do?Collect lymph from intestine/lower extremities from cistern chyli
- 18What is the thoracic duct located in between?Oesophagus and descending aorta
- 19What does the thoracic duct drain into?Subclavian veins
- 20Where does the thoracic duct cross from right to left?T4/T5
- 21What does the descending thoracic aorta branch into?Subclavian artery then:
1. Costocervical trunk
2. Internal thoracic artery (anterior/posterior intercostal artery)
Pericardiophernic artery
Aortic arch/branches - 22The sympathetic trunk connects the ... (preganglionic) to the ... (postganglionic)CNS
Heart - 23What are the functions of the sympathetic trunk?1. Sympathetic control of HR/Contractability
2. Vasoconstriction/bronchodilation of lung/airways - 24What are the 3 ways synapses happen in the sympathetic trunk1. Locally with intercostal nerves
2. Travel to synpase in chain
3. Travel to synapse closer to target organ (via short pre/long post ganglionic neuron) - 25The sympathetic trunk runs from ... to ...T1-T12
- 26The sympathetic trunk involves the ... and the ...Ganglionic cord (groups of cell bodies outside CNS where synapses happen)
Sympathetic chain - 27What provides motor/sensory innervation for the thorax/intercostal muscles?Intercostal nerves
- 28Where are intercostal nerves located, and what do they originate from?In the neuromuscular bundle at the coastal groove
Ventral Ramus - 29The phrenic nerve.... synapsesDirectly
- 30The vagus nerve is the biggest... nerveThe largest PNS nerve (10th cranial nerve)
Long pre/short post ganglionic neurons - 31Innervation of the Heart (SNS & PNS)1) Sympathetic
- Short preganglionic from the CNS (gray matter) synapses at sympathetic trunk
- Long postganglionic from sympathetic trunk passes through the cardiac plexus but synapses only at SA node & atrial walls
2) Parasympathetic
- Vagus nerve
- Long preganglionic efferent fibre (uni-polar) from the cranial region synapses at the cardiac plexus
- Short postganglionic fibre from cardiac plexus that synapses at the heart (controls SA node) - 32What is the cardiac plexus?A concavity in the arch of the aorta made of the sympathetic trunk/branches of the vagus nerve that innervate the heart
- 33The Left recurrent laryngeal in the superior mediastinum is a branch ofvagus nerve
Información
- Descripción
- different spaces in the chest cavity. the concept of the mediastinum, and its subdivisions contents of the posterior mediastinum & structures passing in/out abdomen. contents of the superior mediastinum and their relations to one another - arch of aorta and branches; superior vena cava+ tributaries. origins, paths, functions of the vagus and phrenic nerves within the thorax. Give the origins, functions, arrangement of the sympathetic chains in the thorax. oesophagus anatomical relations
- Creado por
- Evian Chai
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