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Description
Flashcards by Evian Chai, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Evian Chai
about 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the difference between appositional and interstitial growth? | Appositional is matrix deposition ON existing matrix, growth in length Interstitial is matrix deposition from WITHIN matrix, growth in width |
| Appositional growth occurs in | Bone and cartilage |
| Interstitial growth occurs in | Only cartilage (bone too rigid) |
| What is intramembranous ossification? | Direct bone formation from osteoprogenitors |
| What are the steps of intramembranous ossification? | 1. Formation of periosteum 2. Differentiation to osteoblasts 3. Matrix deposition 4. Mineralisation 5. Vascularisation, blood vessels 6. Growth/remodelling |
| What is the periosteum and its two layers? | A dense fibrous layer lining bone Outer fibrous layer and inner cambium layer |
| What is in the outer fibrous layer of the periosteum? | Collagen/nerve fibers/blood supply |
| What is in the inner cambium layer of the periosteum? | Osteoblasts |
| Label the five zones of the epiphyseal growth plate | 1. Resting zone 2. Proliferation zone - chrondoblasts divide quickly 3. Hypertrophic zone - chrondocytes enlarge, initiate calcification 4. Calcification zone - matrix calcifies, chrondocytes die 5. Ossification zone - osteoclasts digest calcified tissue, osteoblasts replace with bone |
| What zone do chrondocytes die in? | Calcification zone |
| The epiphyseal growth plate ends before the ... zone | Ossification zone (in metaphysis) |
| What is the primary spongiosa? Where is the primary spongiosa located? | Bars of cartilage for bone to be built on Under the growth plate (metaphysis) |
| What type of bone is first made in the primary spongiosa? What is it replaced by? | First woven (primary) bone Then remodelled into lamellar (secondary) bone |
| Where is the secondary spongiosa? How is it different from the primary? | Right under the primary spongiosa Less cartilage, more new bone More organised, parallel rings of collagen Later becomes trabecular or cortical (compact) bone |
| What is the process of endochondral ossification? | 1. PeriCHONdrium (cartilage) develops 2. Periostuem forms bony collar around diaphysis 2a. This becomes the primary ossification centre 3. Secondary ossification center develops at epiphysis 4. Growth plate develops between epiphysis/metaphysis |
| Where is the primary ossification center? What happens here? | Diaphysis Capillaries invade periostuem, osteoclasts migrate and invade |
| Where is the secondary ossification center? | At the epiphysis |
| Where does the epiphyseal growth plate develop? | Between the metaphysis and the epiphysis |
| Label the Bone | Top is Epiphysis Middle is Metaphysis Then diaphysis Metaphysis Epiphysis |
| What are the three types of cartilage? | 1. Hyaline - Type II collagen fibers - Periosteum - Weakest of three 2. Fibro - alternating strips of hyaline cartilage and thick collagen strips - no perichondrium - strongest 3. Elastic - threadlike network of elastic fibers - perichondrium |
| Where is hyaline cartilage usually found? | ribs, nose, larynx, trachea |
| Where is fibrocartilage usually found? | Transition between hyaline cartilage and tendon/ligament invertebral discs, joint capsules, ligaments |
| Where is elastic cartilage usually found? | external ear, epiglottis and larynx |
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