Flashcards
BMS10-1024 - Regulation of cardiac function 1
Cards in this deck (23)
- 1What the order of events in a single cardiac cycle, starting from atrial systole?1. Atrial Systole
- blood ejected from atrium
2. Isovolumetric contraction (Ventricular systole)
- pressure in ventricle rises, no blood flow
3. Systole Rapid Ejection
- Blood ejected from ventricle
4. Systole Reduced Ejection
- Redcued outflow of blood
5. Diastole Isometric Relaxation
- Ventricles relax, no valaves open
6. Diastole Filling Phase
- Inflow from VC/Pulmonary vein
- Passive process - 2At what phase does ventricular pressure rise significantly?Isovolumetric Contraction (Ventricular Systole)
- 3What does the peak in LV/Aorta pressure happen afterSystole Rapid Ejection
- 4When does ventricular pressure rapidly drop?Diastole Isovolumetric Relaxation
- 5What causes the first sound and when does it happen?When Tricuspid/Mitral valves close during Systole Isometric Contraction
- 6What causes the second sound and when does it happen?Aortic/Pulmonary Valves CLOSE during Diastole Isovolumetric Relaxation
- 7What causes the third sound and when does it happen?Tricuspid/Mitral Valves open during Diastole Filling Phase
- 8What are murmurs caused by?Turbulence
- 9In the case of stenosis (narrowing of vessels), a sound in the mitral valve indicates....murmur and aortic indicates...murmur1. Diastolic
2. Systolic - 10In the case of valve incompetance (leakage), a sound in the mitral valve indicates....murmur and aortic indicates...murmur1. Systolic Murmur
2. Diastolic Murmur - 11What is endocarditis?Inflammation of the lining of heart muscle/valves due to bacterial infection
- 12What are the 2 major factors affecting stroke volume?1) Energy of contraction of the ventricles
- Filling pressure of right heart (preload) influencing diastolic stretch (Frank Starling law)
- Sympathetic innervation
2) Resistance to outflow from left ventricle
- Total peripheral resistance - 13How does sympathetic innvervation impact energy of ventricle contraction?1. Increased SNS increases Ca2+
2. Leads to increased contractility/HR - 14What does the Frank-Starling Relationship state about energy of ventricle contraction?That energy of contraction of heart is a function of diastolic stretching (based on preload). Also explains why Left SV will change right SV
Eg.
Increased End Diastolic pressure (preload) increases stretching at the heart.
This increases force-tension of the elastic fibers
As they recoil, the contractile force is stronger, so increased stroke volume - 15What does the P in the ECG graph indicate?Atrial depolarisation
- 16What indicates ventricular depolarisation on the ECG?QRS Complex
- 17What indicates Ventricular repolarisation on the ECGT
- 18What is the PR interval impacted by?AV Node Delay
- 19What phase of the ECG shows ventricular systole?S-T
- 20What does the T-P on the ECG indicate?Diastole
- 21What does the ventricular function curve show?Shows how as End Diastolic Pressure increases, SV does as well
- 22How does increased sympathetic innervation impact the ventricular function curve?Shifts graph up, so increased EDV leads to higher SV (due to increase in contractility/HR)
- 23How does heart failure impact the ventricular function curve?The end of the graph drops (is lower)
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- Description
- Describe/ explain mechanical events of the cardiac cycle, including changes in pressures/ volumes of the atria and left/ right ventricles, + how these correlate with heart sounds/ECG. Explain origins of heart sounds / murmurs, indicating what is heard normally and abnormalities influence of cardiac filling on force production and its mechanisms. importance of Starling’s law of the heart. ventricular function curve and how SNS impacts it
- Created by
- Evian Chai
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