Fichas
Tudor History - Henry VII's foreign policy
Fichas del conjunto (13)
- 1What were the aims of Henry VII's foreign policy?- Obedience of his subjects
- Avoid dynastic threats
- Internal security
- Defensive
- Gain recognition
- Financial resources
-Strengthen monarchy
- Avoidance of war (peace) - 2How successful was Henry VII in achieving these aims in the early years of his reign? France- France had supported Henry's seizure of the throne in 1485: so a one-year truce was established, this was later extended to January 1489.
- 3How successful was Henry VII in achieving these aims in the early years of his reign? Brittany- Brittany supported Henry during his years of exile and so Henry was able to use this link to secure a commercial treaty with them in 1486.
- 4How successful was Henry VII in achieving these aims in the early years of his reign? Scotland- Henry secured better relations with Scotland and signed a three year truce in 1486.
- With the assassination of James III in 1488, relations with Scotland were made more secure. (brought young son James IV to the throne) - 5How successful was Henry VII in achieving these aims in the early years of his reign? Holy Roman Empire- In 1487 Maximilian, the heir to the Holy Roman Empire, concluded a treaty with Britain for one year.
(Henry was therefore confident that other countries would not aid rival claimants and that he had been accepted by a number of countries) - 6How successful was Henry VII's policy towards France? 1. What was the Breton Crisis about?- Brittany independence
- France wanted to bring Brittany into the French kingdom.
- Regent proposed to marry her brother, Charles VIII, to the daughter and heir of Duke of Brittany.
- Duke already arranged for his daughter to marry Maximilian.
- in 1488 France sent a force into Brittany to enforce their aim.
- Maximilian and Ferdinand of Aragon sent troops to aid Brittany.
- Duke of Brittany also asked England for help.
- In December 1491 Brittany accepted defeat and Anne of Brittany was married to Charles VIII of France. - 7How successful was Henry VII's policy towards France? 2. So how effective was Henry's handling of the Breton Crisis?- England wanted to stop the whole of the Channel coast coming under French control.
- 1485 French aid made him think twice.
- Henry proposed negotiation, Bretons refused and were then defeated by a French army.
- Death of Duke of Brittany meant that his daughter became ruler and the French promptly seized her.
- England was not strong enough to intervene.
- Henry renewed the treaty with Maximilian and this was followed by the Treaty of Redon with Brittany in 1489.
- Under the terms of this treaty Henry agreed to send 6000 men, paid for by the Bretons, to help in their defence.
- July 1489 Maximilian made peace with France and Spain did too.
- Henry was left in a difficult position: he had gone to protect Brittany and had failed.
- Henry therefore raised a considerable sum of money to fund a war which had not been fought. - 8How successful was Henry VII's policy towards France? 3. How successful was Henry's invasion of France in 1492?- A year was spent gathering together an invasion force.
- By the time the force arrived in France the campaigning season was almost over.
- The French king was more interested in invading Italy.
- Treaty of Etaples
- Treaty consisted of: no aid given to English rebels, pay the arrears of the Treaty of Picquigny and pay most of Henry's expenses in Brittany.
- The result was an annual pension for Henry of approximately £5000 per year. (amounted to some 5% of royal income) - 9How effective was Henry's policy towards France in the period after the Treaty of Etaples?- League of Venice was established in 1945 (aim of driving France out of Italy) England was not invited to this.
- When League was revamped in 1496 as the Holy League, England was invited to join.
- Henry also secured a trade agreement with France.
- Tried creating a three way agreement through Leage of Cambrai.
- Failed to attain anti-Spanish agreeement.
- Led to diplomatic isolation. - 10Why was Henry VII able to avoid conflict with Scotland?- Scotland was more favourably inclined towards Henry as opposed to Richard III.
- Death of James III.
- Henry maintained contacts at the Scottish courts with the Scottish nobility who favoured better relations with England.
- Henry gave the nobles shelter and in 1942 aided their successful attempts in overthrowing anti-English regents.
- Pro-English Earl of Angus gained power and resulted in the signing of a nine-year truce between the two countries in 1493.
- Departure of Warbeck led to the Truce of Ayton, signed in 1487 and becoming a full treaty in 1499.
- Marriage of Henry’s daughter to James IV in August 1503. - 11How far did Henry pursue a consistent foreign policy with Spain and Burgundy? pt. 1- Marriage arrangement between Arthur and Catherine of Aragon.
- In March 1489 the Treaty of Medina del Campo was signed.
- Final marriage agreement with Spain was not made until 1496.
- Death of Arthur -> Henry suggested Catherine should marry his second son, Henry.
- After discussions and papal dispensation, Catherine was betrothed to Henry in June 1503.
- Death of Isabella in 1504 ended the anti-French alliance of England, Spain and the Netherlands.
- Isabella’s will stated Ferdinand would return to rule just Aragon. - 12How far did Henry pursue a consistent foreign policy with Spain and Burgundy? pt. 2- France and Spain started developing closer relations.
-Henry and Philip of Burgundy also developed closer relations.
- Henry antagonised Ferdinand as he kept Catherine’s dowry.
- Philip was persuaded to sign a treaty with England.
- 1506 was a transitioning moment for Spain. With death of Philip, Ferdinand retook Castile and Maximilian took over the regency of Burgundy.
- The prospect for a Spanish marriage between Prince Henry and Catherine was therefore more appealing.
- Henry proposed marriage and change of policy, Ferdinand refused to agree.
- By 1508 Henry abandoned attempts to restore English-Spanish-Burgundian alliance.
-He revoked the Magnus Intercursus concession to speed up the prospect of marrying his daughter Mary to Charles and gain Burgundian support.
- Henry also offered his son to the niece of Louis XII of France.
-By 1508 Henry created an anti-Spanish alliance.
- 1508 League of Cambrai. - 13How important a factor was trade in Henry VII's foreign policy?- English trade brought financial benefits to both the country and monarchy.
- Burgundy importance because of cloth trade through Antwerp.
- Embargo on trade with Burgundy between 1493-1496.
- Magnus intercursus 1496.
- Malus Intercursus negotiation.
- Treaty with Portugal.
- Navigation acts of 1485-86.
- Trade in the Mediterranean.
- 1490 trade treaty.
- Henry was less successful with the Baltic.
- Treaties with Denmark and Norway in 1489 and 1490.
- Similar policy attempted with Riga in 1499.
- 1504 Henry forced into a settlement which restored the favourable position Hanse had enjoyed under Edward IV.
Información
- Descripción
- A level (Tudors) History Fichas sobre Tudor History - Henry VII's foreign policy, creado por Karima Ranieri el 30/03/2016.
- Creado por
- Karima Ranieri
- Visitas
- 449
- Etiquetas
- Valoración