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Liberalism
Fichas del conjunto (20)
- 1Liberalism Orifins and development Central Theme-The individual
-Freedom
-Reason
-Justice
-Toleration and diversity - 2Liberalism, government and democracy Types of liberalism- Classical liberalism
-Modern liberalism
-Neo-liberalsim - 3THE ORIGINS OF LIBERALISM-Developed during transition from FEUDALISM to CAPITALISM in Europe in the early 19th c.
-Liberalism reflected the aspirations of the rising middle class: individuals striving for a better life.
-Liberalism RADICAL and sometimes REVOLUTIONARY e.g. Egypt for a new leader. - 4ORIGINS OF LIBERALISM- Liberalism challenged the divine rights of monarchs.
-Liberalism supported constitutional and representative.
-People like Thomas Payne wrote the rights of man and Magicater wrote the Right of women. - 5ORIGINS OF LIBERALISM-Liberalism criticised the privileges of the landed aristocracy.
-Liberalism supported religious freedom.
-Liberalism promoted individualistic meritocracy. - 6ORIGINS OF LIBERALISM-With the spread of industrialisation in the UK, liberals advocated a market economy, free from government interference.
-The idea spread to the USA and the rest of Europe in late 19th C. New country.
-Democratic liberal capitalism is now the DOMINANT IDEOLOGY (hegemony) of the industrialised West.
-Adam Smith believed in the free market. - 7ORIGINS OF LIBERALISM-Some people argue that liberalism and capitalism are inevitably linked.
-In the early 20th C. MODERN LIBERALISM challenged some of the ideas of CLASSICAL LIBERALISM.
-All 3 main parties have been described as NEO-LIBERLAISM (Thatcher). - 8CORE THEMES OF LIBERALISM THE INDIVIDUAL-In feudal times, there was little idea of people having their own unique identities.
-People were seen as members of social groups, rather than individuals.
- Peasants had no way of 'bettering' themselves. - 9THE INDIVIDUAL-As feudalism was replaced by market-oriented societies, people had more choices.
-Serfs became 'free men' and could choose where to live and who to work for. (Freedom in 3 places 1) powerful offarty 'God'. 2) Society morals. 3) Nature. - 10THE INDIVIDUAL-As individual human beings, they had NATURAL RIGHTS.
-This leads to a tension between UNIQUENESS and equality. - 11THE INDIVIDUAL-Extreme individualism leads to ATOMISM (the idea of society is made up if individuals) : society is made of EGOISTICAL and self-sufficient individuals, rather than social groups.
-People are self interested. - 12MARGARET THATCHERThere is no such thing as society.
- 13DAVID CAMERONThere IS such thing as society, it's just not the same as the state.
- 14THE INDIVIDUAL-Later liberals developed a more optimistic view of human nature: individuals do feel social responsibility.
North Korea put society before the individual. Rule break- offerity needed state- social contract. - 15WHAT MOTIVATES US AS HUMAN BEINGS?-All liberals believes that people are EGOISTICAL e.g. motivated by self-interest.
-Classical liberals believe in material self-interest.
-Modern liberals believe that we are also motivated by the desire to become 'fulfilled' individuals. - 16FREEDOM-FREEDOM is the supreme political value for liberals.
-However, early liberals (CLASSICAL LIBERALS) define freedom in different way from later liberals (MODERN LIBERALS).
-ISAIAH BERLIN described two ways of defining freedom.
-Classical liberals define freedom as the absence of external constraints: this is referred to as a NEGATIVE definition of freedom.
-In other words, if nothing is stopping you from doing something then you are free to do it. - 17FREEDOM-Morden liberals believed that people are only free if they have the capability and opportunity to do what they want- this is referred to as a POSITIVE definition of freedom.
- 18NEGATIVE FREEDOMbeing ALLOWED to do something. Minimal state
- 19POSITIVE FREEDOMBeing ENABLED to do something.
- 20FREEDOMHowever, there must be limits to freedom: people should not have the freedom to abuse others.
-J.S. Mill (1859) distinguished between actions that are 'self-regarding' and 'other-regarding'.
-Extreme liberals, or LIBERTARIANS, say there should be no restrictions on self-regarding actions.
-However, liberals believe that a MINIMAL STATE is needed in order to control the other-regarding actions of egoistical individuals.
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- A-Level Government and Politics Fichas sobre Liberalism , creado por Nancy Carter el 25/04/2016.
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- Nancy Carter
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