Fichas
GiU Topic 1 - Terminology
Fichas del conjunto (25)
- 1What is grammar?System (rules, that we stick to when talking) in our mind
• book (English grammar); written version
• branch of linguistics - 2SyntaxThe arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language.
- 3Morphology:The study of the forms of words, in particular inflected forms. E.g. management: manage (morpheme), ment (morpheme).
- 4Inflectional (flektiert) morphology(attach suffixes for grammatical purposes; you don't get new word, just different form of same word; word formation)
- 5Derivational (abgeleitet) morphologyabout creation of new words eg. To be active (add suffix, turn into noun= activity); new entry in dict.
- 6Morpheme:A meaningful morphological unit of a language that cannot be further divided & still have a meaning(e.g. in, come, -ing, forming incoming).
- 7Description of languagegrammar
phonology
lexicon - 8phonology(deals with sound structure of language)
(tells you category of
word) - 9lexicon(=vocabulary; words and idioms)
- 10some grammarians merge grammar and lexicon(they say that they're inseparable! -->Lexico-
Grammar!) - 11How do (descriptive) grammarians discover the regularities of a language?• Elicitation (interview)
• Introspection
• Corpus analysis (pl. Corpora) - 12collocation:the statistical tendency of words to co-occur= word partnerships (eg. To deliver/give a
speech; pitch black; bitter cold) - 13colligation:occurrence of a lexical item with a grammatical pattern (eg. Dislike, avoid+ing-clause;
decide, want + to-infinitive; typical + of-Prepositional Phrase) - 14Constituentsword or a string of words (=phrase) which syntactically behaves as a unit in a larger construction.
- 15Immediate constituentsthose that immediately make up a construction
• on the table (prepositional phrase) (on=preposition; the tabe= noun phrase; also the table=
immediate constituents of Noun Phrase) - 16hierarchical structure of sentences• morpheme (smallest unit)>word>phrase>clause>sentence (biggest unit)
- 17Constituency TestMovement
Substitution
Sentence Fragment - 18parsing:identifying and analyzing the grammatical structure of a sentence
- 19relationship form vs. meaning?no one to one relationship between form and meaning
- 20Movement constituency test (3)passivization: That book was written by my favorite author.
It-cleft: It was my favorite author who wrote the book.
Left-dislocation: My favorite author, he wrote that book. - 21grammaticalizationhistorical process whereby lexical items in the course of time acquire a new status as grammatical forms
- 22Form vs. MeaningForm: (here: all past tense)
I talked to Jenny yesterday. (ed-form is used to locate past; temporal meaning)
If you told her, she'd just laugh. (this could happen; hypothetical meaning)
I hoped you could help me out a little. (social meaning)
→ No one-to-one relationship between form and meaning! - 23hierarchical structure of sentencesmorpheme (smallest unit)>word>phrase>clause>sentence (biggest unit)
- 24Determiner vs. DeterminativeDeterminer: syntactic function
Determinative: syntactic class - 25where do determinatives only occur?in Noun Phrases
Información
- Descripción
- (Terminology) Grammar in Use Fichas sobre GiU Topic 1 - Terminology, creado por Lisza Neumeier el 22/10/2016.
- Creado por
- Lisza Neumeier
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