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Biological Psychology: Brain Specialisation and the Control of Language
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- 1Brain Specialisation and the Control of Language: Objectives- Describe the difference between the different types of aphasias
- Discuss the methods used to study the localisation of certain functions.
- Describe how visual field studies and dichotic listening studies “work”
- Describe how the anatomy of the visual and auditory system “contribute” to the study of laterality in normal people
- Describe functional differences between the left and right hemispheres
- Understand why some of the differences are relative and not absolute (e.g., Kosslyn’s categorical vs. coordinate spatial relations; PET scan studies; commissurotomy studies) - 2Evidence of Speech LateralityBrain injury studies
Aphasia in sign language
Dichotic listening (music and speech - developed from gestures?) - 3AImpairment of language, comprehension of speech and the ability to read and write. Cause by damages to portions of the brain that are responsible for language development and maintenance.
- 4Where is language localised?In the brain, for right 'handers' - in the left hemisphere and in left handers - the both hemispheres.
90-95% language aphasias due to lesions in left hem. - 5Different Types of AphasiasParaphasias
Non-Fluent Speech
Agraphia
Alexia
Apraxia: impairment of the ability to program movement of the tongue, lips and throat - left frontal lobe - 6Main Types of impairmentsAgrammatism: difficulties using grammar
Anomia: difficulties finding correct word to use
Articulation Difficulties: difficulties in pronunciation and sequencing of sounds - often correcting speech as it is made. - 7Broca's Area and Broca's Aphasia- Using Gestures to give answers
- Impairment to left inferior frontal region
- Speech Production is impaired - also called production aphasia, speech is slow and requires lots of effort.
A little like lazy speech - will not adjust adjectives, using simple endings such as -ed and -s.
Anomia - difficulty retrieving words
Have no problems understanding spoken or written language (showing that diff part of the brain is responsible for this. - 8Wernicke's Area and Wernicke's Aphasia- In the temporal lobe
- Speech is rapid and fluid but typically meaningless, Wernicke's aphasics are unaware that they are not making sense.
- Cannot comprehend spoken or written words
- Cannot repeat utterances that they hear - 9Motor Control and LateranceMotor Cortex
- Unable to draw number 6 and rotate foot clockwise - 10Angular GyrusMost involved with reading, damage here causes impairments to the matching of a written word to its auditory code.
- 11Conduction Aphasia- Following damage to the arcuate fasciculus
- Speech remains fluent
- Comprehension is good
- Cannot repeat a sentence
- Cannot produce names of objects and pictures - 12Left Hemisphere vs. Right HemisphereVision - Words/Letters : Patterns, shapes, faces, emotions
Hearing - Language, sounds : Music
Language - Speech, Grammar : Emotional Tone
Spatial Ability - .. : Mental Rotation - 13Some Lateral differences are relative and not absoluteKosslyn Et Al.
Two types of spatial relation representations in humans
1. Categorical (Left Hem)
2. Coordinate (Right Hem) - 14Left Handedness
Información
- Descripción
- Brief intro to language and aphasias
- Creado por
- Hannah Shakeshaft
- Visitas
- 19
- Etiquetas
- Valoración