Fichas
Famous Studies
Fichas del conjunto (30)
- 1Harry Harlow: TheoryUniversal need for contact (Attachment Theory)
- 2Harry Harlow: ExperimentMaternal deprivation of monkeys - placed in a cage with two surrogate "mothers."
- One made of wire with a feeding bottle.
- One made of cloth --> no feeding bottle.
- In a 24 hour period, the monkey only left the cloth mother to feed on the wire mother's bottle. - 3Harry Harlow: OutcomeAttachment Theory "Contact Comfort" - the emotional relationship an infant has with his or her mother from being in physical contact with her.
- 4Albert Bandura: TheoryThe findings of the Bobo doll prove the social learning theory: children lean social behavior through the process of observation learning - this is through watching the behavior of another person.
- 5Albert Bandura: Experiment/OutcomeTwo models
Aggressive Model: kids who had an aggressive role model had more of an aggressive response compared to those who had the non-aggressive model.
Non-Aggressive Model: only showed some aggressive behavior - far less than the aggressive role model group. - 6Albert Bandura: Take-AwaySince kids are easily influenced by the adults in their life, they will consider acting the same way the adult did in that situation. Monkey-See, Monkey-Do.
- 7Solomon Asch: TheoryCompliance: matching the beliefs of the norm.
Normative conformity: siding with majority in order to stick in - 8Solomon Asch: Experiment- Group of seven people (six knew it was an experiment)
- Goal: decide on which line most closely resembled the original
- The six answered incorrectly on purpose. - 9Solomon Asch: Outcome32% of participants conformed
- 10David Rosenhan: TheoryWanted to verify the most updated form of a diagnostic procedure called the DSM.
- 11David Rosenhan: Experiment- Brought a group of healthy men and women to a hospital and faked symptoms of auditory hallucinations of the words "Empty, dull, (and) thud."
- Doctors diagnosed 7 with schizophrenia and 1 with bipolar illness.
- The stays at the hospital ranged from 7-52 days.
- They acted normally once admitted, despite the minimal contact between patients and staff. - 12David Rosenhan: Outcome- Psychiatrists cannot distinguish the sane from the insane.
- Rosenhan's experiment demonstrated the danger and validity of psychiatric labels. - 13Wolfgang Kohler: TheoryAttempted to prove that animals arrive at a solution through insight rather than trial and error.
~ The progress monitoring theory and the representational change theory~ - 14Wolfgang Kohler: ExperimentPut food at not easily accessible place and primates were supposed to use objects to get to it.
- 15Wolfgang Kohler: OutcomesMonkey would eventually get the food - developed the progress monitoring theory and the representational change theory.
- 16John B. Watson: TheoryClassical conditioning can be used to condition an emotional response. ~ A learning process when two stimuli are repeatedly paired together. A reaction only brought out by the second stimuli is later brought by the first stimuli alone.
- 17John B. Watson: ExperimentLA (Little Albert) exposed to stimuli of a white rat, a rabbit, a monkey, several masks, and a burning newspaper.
- Showed no fear of stimuli, to begin with.
- It was only until the stimuli were paired with another stimulus (i.e. loud noises) that LA started to respond emotionally. - 18John B. Watson: OutcomesLA cried whenever shown the stimulus that was paired with a loud sound and would cry when shown the stimulus alone or something that closely resembled it.
- 19Ivan Pavlov: TheoryDemonstrated classical conditioning (a.k.a. Pavlovian Conditioning) as well as temporal contiguity.
- 20Ivan Pavlov: Experiment- Placed food in front of a dog and measeured the amount of salavia produced.
- Realized his dogs have same response to lab assistant or any other food related object or event *Anything associated with food made them salivate*
-Bell served as the neutral stimulus and when he fed the dogs he sounded the bell. - 21Ivan Pavlov: OutcomesEventually, the dogs salivated at the sound of the bell even though he had not brought them food.
Pavlovian Conditioning. - 22Bibb Latane and John Darley: TheoryDiffusion of responsibility - individual assumes that others either are responsible for taking action or have already done so.
- 23Bibb Latane and John Darley: ExperimentPre-recorded voice talks about his epileptic issues and proceeds to go into seizure.
- 24Bibb Latane and John Darley: OutcomesGroup setting: 31% attempt to help.
One-on-One: 85% attempt to help.
- Individuals are less likely to help when in large groups.
- The probability of helping = inversely proportional to the number of people. *Rarely occurs when the individual is alone.* - 25Edward Thorndike and B.F. Skinner: TheoryConnectionism, behaviorism, law of exercise, law of effect, operant conditioning, negative reinforcement, positive punishment, positive reinforcement.
- 26Edward Thorndike and B.F. Skinner: ExperimentInstrumental conditioning (a.k.a. puzzle box experiment)
- Establish the process of learning.
- Turn accidental into intentional.
- Relate behavior to environmental conditions. - 27Edward Thorndike and B.F. Skinner: OutcomesThe subject would accidentally hit a trigger to produce a reward/punishment. They would learn to do it again/not do it again to receive the desired outcome.
- 28Konrad Lorenz: TheoryDiscovered principal of imprinting and the evolutionary theory of attatchement.
- 29Konrad Lorenz: ExperimentHalf of the hatchlings went to Mama goose and the other half went to Lorenz.
- After a while, he put all the goslings in the box, flipped it over, and they all wine to their respective "mothers." - 30Konrad Lorenz: OutcomesGoslings would imprint on anything that would move if in a laboratory setting.
Also discovered that imprinting had an effect on the goslings' sexual orientation later in life.
Información
- Descripción
- Famous Studies - Psychology
- Creado por
- Jasmin Fontanez
- Visitas
- 17
- Etiquetas
- Valoración