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War of Independence
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- 1WAR OF INDEPENDENCE 1919-21 Hostilities between Dail and Volunteers Difficult to run effective campaign against BritsIRA members felt that TDs were unskilled in military operations.
TDs felt that IRA were undisciplined and lacked judgement to exploit British political weaknesses - 2WAR BEGINS: PHASE ONE January 1919 - March 1920 Low Key Operations Soloheadbeg, 21 January Third Tipperary Brigade-Ambush organised without consent or knowledge of the Dail or IRA command
-British authorities saw this as terrorism
-Irish republicans saw this as war between 2 countries - 3Between 1919 & early 1920, IRA killed 18 RIC officers while attempting to eliminate the force altogether. April 1919, deValera encouraged public boycott of RIC. RIC withdrawn.RIC withdrawn & police stations closed. British now had to decide between talking to Sinn Fein and pursuing a hard-line military policy.
- 4PHASE 2, March-December 1920 Increasing Confrontation THE INTELLIGENCE WAR Collins & feared intelligence network - the Squad a.k.a. the 12 ApostlesRIC, lost 3000 but gained 9500.
Auxiliary force known as Black and Tans brought in. Violent and ill-disciplined force.
Republicans - flying columns. Help from the public. - 5Early 1920, major violence! Tomas MacCurtain, Lord Mayor of Cork taken out by RIC and shot dead in front of family.New Lord Mayor of Cork, Terence MacSwiney, arrested for association with Sinn Fein activities in August 1920.
Died of hunger strike in late October after 74 days. Martyrdom. - 6BLOODY SUNDAY. Collins planned execution of 11 Brit intelligence agents sent to assassinate Dail, Sinn Fein & IRA members. Squad killed them on 21 November, 1920.Also killed 2 B&Ts and a Brit army officer.
Brit Gov imposed a curfew.
That day, B&Ts entered Croke Park during Dub-Tipp match. Fired into crowd. 12 dead, 60 injured. - 728 November, 1920 - West Cork Flying Column led by Tom Barry ambushed 18-man Auxiliary patrol in Kilmichael. 17 dead.10 December, 1920 - Government declared martial law.
11 Dec - Another IRA ambush. Dillon's Cross, Cork City. 1 Aux killed, 10 wounded. Auxs & Tans burned & looted city centre. - 8PHASE 3, December 1920 - July 1921 Towards a Truce Return of de Valera Dec 1920 Many problems for Independence movement1921 - Sinn Fein, IRA & Dail under pressure. Griffith arrested. Brit intelligence interning IRA members. Members of Squad detected. Flying columns feeling the strain. Supplies running low. Men counting bullets.
- 9IRA carried out successful guerilla attacks. DeV unimpressed. Collins gave in and allowed attack on Customs House, Brit admin centre. 25 May 1921, IRA destroyed Customs House. Many IRA killed.Gov. of Ireland Act, 1920.
Implemented partition. 2 parliaments, Dublin & Belfast. Oath of Allegiance. Council of Ireland. 42 Irish MPs. Control of defence, foreign pol, finance & right to intervene. - 101921 elections - Unionist majority in North, Sinn Fein landslide victory in South. Establishment of the Second Dail. (abstention)TDs of 2nd Dail refused Oath of Allegiance.
28 June, only 4 Unionist MPs appear at opening of official Southern parliament. - 11TRUCE TIME Ireland - low on men, ammo, money, flying columns unable Britain - bad rep (propaganda minister) w/B&Ts and Aux forces, couldn't afford war.25 June, 21 - Lloyd George sent letter to deV
5 July - de V presented offer to Dail
Truce came into effect on 11 July, 1921.
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- History Fichas sobre War of Independence, creado por Aislinn el 08/05/2013.
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