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Observational techniques and design
Fichas del conjunto (7)
- 1Participant/Non-participant- Participant: observer is actively involved (e.g. Zimbardo, 1971);
- Non-participant: observer not actively involved (e.g. Ainsworth, the strange situation, 1971) - 2Overt/Covert-Overt: participants are aware of being observed (e.g. Zimbardo, 1971)
- Covert: participants are unaware they are being observed (e.g. Festinger, inflitating a cult, 1957) - 3Advantages- High external validity;
- Practical method (when manipulating variables is unethical);
- Few demand characteristics (with covert observations). - 4Disadvantages- Cause and effect can't be established (only correlational);
- Observer bias (they see what they want to see);
- Replication (impossible because of lack of control);
- Ethics (covert and consent);
- Practical problems (difficult to record if covert). - 5Behavioural categoriesAgreed grid or coding sheet reflecting what is being studied (e.g. M = male; T = talking)
- 6Sampling procedures- Event sampling: amount of times a behaviour occurs in a target individual or group;
- Time sampling: amount of times a behaviour is shown in a set time frame (e.g. every 30 seconds) - 7Inter-Observer reliabilityHaving two or more observer recording events using the same code to lessen subjectivity.
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- A2 (Methods of Research) Psychology Fichas sobre Observational techniques and design, creado por prisca munzemba el 20/03/2017.
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- prisca munzemba
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