CGP Section One

CGP Section One

1. Cells

   • Specialised
     • Adapted
     • Sperm
       • Long tail
         • Swim
       • Lots of mitochondria
         • Energy to swim
       • Acrosome
         • Stores enzyme
           • Digest membrane of egg cell
       • Haploid Nucleus
     • Egg
       • Cytoplasm
         • Nutrients to feed embryo
       • Haploid Nucleus
       • Adaptable membrane
         • After fertilisation stops more sperm entering
     • Ciliated Epithelial
   • Standard
     • Animal
       • Nucleus
         • Genetic Material
           • Chromosomes
       • Cytoplasm
         • Chemical Reaction Site
           • Contains Enzymes
       • Cell Membrane
         • Controles Movement
       • Mitochondria
         • Respiration Site
           • Energy
       • Ribosomes
         • Translation of Genetic Material
           • Synthesis of Proteins
     • Plant
       • Cell Wall
         • Made of cellulose
         • Supports and strengthens the cell
       • Large Vacuole
         • Contains Sap
           • Maintains internal pressure
           • Weak solution of sugar and salts
       • Chloroplasts
         • Site of Photosynthesis
         • Contain chlorophyll
   • Bacteria
     • No nucleus
     • Different Features
       • Flagellum
         • Allows movement
       • Plasmid DNA
         • Drug resistance
       • Chromsomal DNA
         • Controls activities and replication
         • Floats in the cytoplasm

2. Microscopy

   • Magnification
     • image size / real size
   • Measurement Units
     • millimetre (mm)
       • 10 power -3
     • micrometre (μm)
       • 10 power -6
     • Nanometre (nm)
       • 10 power -9
     • Picometre (pm)
       • 10 power -12

3. Enzymes

   • Biological Catalyst
     • Speed up reactions
   • Substrate
     • Exact shape of active site
       • Splits in two - new products
     • lock and key
       • same with door locks
   • De-nature
     • Above 37 celceus
     • pH

4. Diffusion, Osmosis and Active Transport

   • Osmosis
     • Movement of water from high concentration to low concentration
   • Diffusion
     • Gradual movement of particles
       • High concentration --> Low concentration
     • Happens in liquids and gases
     • Small molecules go through cell membranes