Second Language Acquisition

Second Language Acquisition

1. Process

   • 5 Stages
     • Preproduction
       • Characteristics
         • The student Has minimal comprehension. Does not verbalize. Nods "Yes" and "No." Draws and points.
       • Time Frame 0-6 Months
     • Early Production
       • Characteristics
         • The student Has limited comprehension Produces one- or two-word responses. Uses key words and familiar phrases. Uses present-tense verbs.
       • Time Frame 6 Months to a Year
     • Speech Emergence
       • Characteristics
         • The student Has good comprehension. Can produce simple sentences. Makes grammar and pronunciation errors. Frequently misunderstands jokes.
       • Time Frame 1-3 years
     • Intermediate Influence
       • Characteristics
         • The student Has excellent comprehension. Makes few grammatical errors.
       • Time Frame 3-5 years
     • Advanced Fluency
       • Characteristics
         • The student has a near-native level of speech.
       • Time Frame 5-7 years

2. Theory

   • Language Proficiency
     • Grammatical Competence
       • Mastery of Language Code
       • Vocabulary
       • Word and Sentence Formation
       • Pronunciation
       • Spelling
     • Socialinguistic Competence
       • Mastery of Language Use in different Context
       • How to Speak To Friend
       • How to Speak to Someone in Authority
       • How to Speak Socially and Professionally
     • Discourse Competence
       • Mastery of how to combine meanings and forms to create a text in different modes
         • Oral Report
       • Telephone Inquiry
       • Narrative Text
     • Strategic Competence
       • Mastery of Verbal and Non-Verbal Strategies to Compensate for breakdowns in communication
         • How to ask for help
         • How to rephrase a statement
     • How Long Does it Take
       • Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills
         • 2-3 Years
       • Cognitive Academic Language
         • 4-10 Years